"queryFreq": {
      "type": "long"
    },
    "roles": {
      "type": "keyword"
    },
    "languages": {
      "type": "keyword"
    },
    "score": {
      "type": "double"
    },
    "tags": {
      "type": "keyword"
    },
    "text": {
      "type": "keyword"
    },
    "userBoost": {
      "type": "double"
    }
  }

  # A continuous job is the only one to publish to latest
  TAG="latest-multi-python"
else
  # If it is a change, grab a good tag for iterative builds
  if [[ -z "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
    TAG=$(head -n 1 "$KOKORO_PIPER_DIR/presubmit_request.txt" | cut -d" " -f2)
  else
    TAG="pr-${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}"
  fi
fi

		}
	}
	return
}

func removeSettingFromTag(tag reflect.StructTag, names ...string) reflect.StructTag {
	for _, name := range names {
		tag = reflect.StructTag(regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)(gorm:.*?)(`+name+`(:.*?)?)(;|("))`).ReplaceAllString(string(tag), "${1}${5}"))
	}
	return tag
}

func appendSettingFromTag(tag reflect.StructTag, value string) reflect.StructTag {
	t := tag.Get("gorm")
	if strings.Contains(t, value) {
		return tag

ID가 `baz`인 항목(items)처럼 기본값과 동일한 값을 갖는다면:

```Python hl_lines="3  5-6"
{
    "name": "Baz",
    "description": None,
    "price": 50.2,
    "tax": 10.5,
    "tags": []
}
```

`description`, `tax` 그리고 `tags`가 기본값과 같더라도 (기본값에서 가져오는 대신) 값들이 명시적으로 설정되었다는 것을 인지할 정도로 FastAPI는 충분히 똑똑합니다(사실, Pydantic이 충분히 똑똑합니다).

따라서 JSON 스키마에 포함됩니다.

/// tip | "팁"

`None` 뿐만 아니라 다른 어떤 것도 기본값이 될 수 있습니다.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: Set[str] = set()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):

class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: List[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: list[Image] | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}