### typing 模块 { #typing-module }

在一些额外的用例中，你可能需要从标准库的 `typing` 模块导入内容。比如当你想声明“任意类型”时，可以使用 `typing` 中的 `Any`：

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

### 泛型类型 { #generic-types }

有些类型可以在方括号中接收“类型参数”（type parameters），用于声明其内部值的类型。比如“字符串列表”可以写为 `list[str]`。

这些能接收类型参数的类型称为“泛型类型”（Generic types）或“泛型”（Generics）。

你可以把相同的内建类型作为泛型使用（带方括号和内部类型）：

「情境管理器」是那些你可以在 `with` 陳述式中使用的 Python 物件。

例如，[你可以用 `with` 來讀取檔案](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files)：

```Python
with open("./somefile.txt") as f:
    contents = f.read()
    print(contents)
```

在底層，`open("./somefile.txt")` 會建立一個稱為「情境管理器」的物件。

當 `with` 區塊結束時，它會確保關閉檔案，即使發生了例外也一樣。

當你建立一個含 `yield` 的相依時，**FastAPI** 會在內部為它建立一個情境管理器，並與其他相關工具結合。

////

//// tab | Info

... However, quotes inside code snippets must stay as is.

////

## code blocks { #code-blocks }

//// tab | Test

A Bash code example...

```bash
# Print a greeting to the universe
echo "Hello universe"
```

...and a console code example...

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> run <u style="text-decoration-style:solid">main.py</u>

                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sends a Server-Sent Event (SSE) to the client.
     *
     * @param writer the print writer to write the event to
     * @param event the event name
     * @param data the event data to serialize as JSON
     */

**FastAPI** から同じデフォルトの例外ハンドラと一緒に例外を使用したい場合は、`fastapi.exception_handlers`からデフォルトの例外ハンドラをインポートして再利用できます:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006_py310.py hl[2:5,15,21] *}

        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(buffer);

        writer.print(problems.size());
        writer.print((problems.size() == 1) ? " problem was " : " problems were ");
        writer.print("encountered while building the effective model");
        if (modelId != null && !modelId.isEmpty()) {
            writer.print(" for ");
            writer.print(modelId);
        }
        writer.println();

- kubectl: `--use-openapi-print-columns` has been deprecated in favor of `--server-print`, and will be removed in a future version. ([#65601](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/65601), [@liggitt](https://github.com/liggitt))

                    out.print(name);
                    out.print("\"><b>");
                    out.print(name);
                    out.print("</b></a>");
                } else {
                    out.print(";\" HREF=\"");
                    out.print(path);
                    out.print(name);
                    out.print("\"><b>");
                    out.print(name);

        writer.print(problems.size());
        writer.print((problems.size() == 1) ? " problem was " : " problems were ");
        writer.print("encountered while building the effective toolchains");
        writer.println();

        for (Problem problem : problems) {
            writer.print("[");
            writer.print(problem.getSeverity());
            writer.print("] ");

```python
#Function declaration
def hello_world():# Print greeting
    print("Hello, world!")  #Print greeting without space after hash
```

```console
//Function declaration
def hello_world():// Print greeting
    print("Hello, world!")  //Print greeting without space after slashes
```