from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

            "axisLabel": "",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            },
            "insertNulls": false,
            "lineInterpolation": "linear",

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select
from typing_extensions import Annotated


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse as StreamingResponse  # noqa

try:
    import ujson
except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
    ujson = None  # type: ignore


try:
    import orjson
except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
    orjson = None  # type: ignore


class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
    """
    JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON.

client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        ("/items", {"X-Header": "notvalid"}, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        (
            "/items",
            {"strange_header": "FastAPI test"},
            200,
            {"strange_header": "FastAPI test"},
        ),

    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    age: Union[int, None] = None

    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

И для Python 3.10 и выше:

```Python
q: str | None = Query(default=None)
```

...делает параметр необязательным со значением по умолчанию `None`, также как это делает:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Но он явно объявляет его как query-параметр.

/// info | "Дополнительная информация"

    return client


@needs_py39
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        ("/items", {"X-Header": "notvalid"}, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        (
            "/items",
            {"strange_header": "FastAPI test"},
            200,
            {"strange_header": "FastAPI test"},
        ),