class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(
    tokenUrl="token",
    scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."},
)

app = FastAPI()


def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
    return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)

  * Update the command section in each service.
  * Add a new MinIO server instance to the upstream directive in the Nginx configuration file.

  Read more about distributed MinIO [here](https://min.io/docs/minio/container/operations/install-deploy-manage/deploy-minio-single-node-multi-drive.html).

### Explore Further

/// tip

Pydantic, which is what powers all the data validation and serialization in FastAPI, has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required fields</a>.

///

/// tip

# /---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# littleAdjustmentMap: (NotRequired - Default map:{})
#
# The various settings about a little adjustment.
#
# o isAvailableAddingSchemaToTableSqlName: (NotRequired - Default false)
# o isAvailableAddingCatalogToTableSqlName: (NotRequired - Default false)
# o isAvailableDatabaseDependency: (NotRequired - Default false)
# o isAvailableDatabaseNativeJDBC: (NotRequired - Default false)

    private final int d;

    // Four 64-bit words of internal state.
    // The initial state corresponds to the ASCII string "somepseudorandomlygeneratedbytes",
    // big-endian encoded. There is nothing special about this value; the only requirement
    // was some asymmetry so that the initial v0 and v1 differ from v2 and v3.
    private long v0 = 0x736f6d6570736575L;
    private long v1 = 0x646f72616e646f6dL;

/// tip

All this might not seem as useful with these simple examples.

But you will see how useful it is in the chapters about **security**.

And you will also see the amounts of code it will save you.

                                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                                    // ignore
                                }
                                file.delete(); // if this fails, forget about it
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (TransferFailedException e) {
                        getLogger()

    * 阅读我的其它想法、文章，了解我创建的工具
    * 关注我，这样就可以随时看到我发布的新文章

## Tweet about **FastAPI**

<a href="https://twitter.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving @fastapi because... https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tweet about **FastAPI**</a> 让我和大家知道您为什么喜欢 FastAPI。🎉

知道有人使用 **FastAPI**，我会很开心，我也想知道您为什么喜欢 FastAPI，以及您在什么项目/哪些公司使用 FastAPI，等等。

## 为 FastAPI 投票

The benefit of raising an exception over `return`ing a value will be more evident in the section about Dependencies and Security.

In this example, when the client requests an item by an ID that doesn't exist, raise an exception with a status code of `404`:

```Python hl_lines="11"

 * Table} interface.
 *
 * <p>Null keys and values are not supported.
 *
 * <p>See the {@link StandardTable} superclass for more information about the behavior of this
 * class.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
class StandardRowSortedTable<R, C, V> extends StandardTable<R, C, V>