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    assertThat((long) arraysDim1 * arraysDim2).isNotEqualTo((long) (arraysDim1 * arraysDim2));

    char[][] arrays = new char[arraysDim1][];
    // it's shared to avoid using too much memory in tests
    char[] sharedArray = new char[arraysDim2];
    Arrays.fill(arrays, sharedArray);

    try {
      Chars.concat(arrays);
      fail();

    if (!q.isIntact()) {
      fail("Started with " + startedWith + ". State " + Arrays.toString(q.toArray()));
    }
  }

  private static void assertEqualsUsingSeed(
      long seed, @Nullable Object expected, @Nullable Object actual) {
    if (!Objects.equals(actual, expected)) {
      // fail(), but with the JUnit-supplied message.
      assertEquals("Using seed " + seed, expected, actual);

      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
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