In der Dokumentation für ASGI-Middlewares von Drittanbietern wird Ihnen wahrscheinlich gesagt, dass Sie etwa Folgendes tun sollen:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

因此，有些第三方 ASGI 中间件的文档推荐以如下方式使用中间件：

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

В общем случае ASGI middleware — это классы, которые ожидают получить ASGI‑приложение первым аргументом.

Поэтому в документации к сторонним ASGI middleware, скорее всего, вы увидите что‑то вроде:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

하지만 FastAPI(정확히는 Starlette)는 더 간단한 방법을 제공하며, 이를 통해 내부 middleware가 서버 오류를 처리하고 커스텀 예외 핸들러가 올바르게 동작하도록 보장합니다.

이를 위해(그리고 CORS 예제에서처럼) `app.add_middleware()`를 사용합니다.

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

因此，在第三方 ASGI 中介軟體的文件中，通常會指示你這樣做：

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

但 FastAPI（實際上是 Starlette）提供了一種更簡單的方式，確保內部中介軟體能處理伺服器錯誤，且自訂例外處理器可正常運作。

為此，你可以使用 `app.add_middleware()`（如同 CORS 範例）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

  }

  // 2. Normalize, from bufferB to bufferA.
  val normalized = normalizeNfc(bufferB.readUtf8())
  bufferA.writeUtf8(normalized)

  // 3. For each label, convert/validate Punycode.
  val decoded = Punycode.decode(bufferA.readUtf8()) ?: return null

  // 4.1 Validate.

  // Must be NFC.
  if (decoded != normalizeNfc(decoded)) return null

  // TODO: Must not begin with a combining mark.

- [security] Vulnerability in golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode ([#92219](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/92219), [@voor](https://github.com/voor)) [SIG API Machinery, CLI, Cloud Provider, Cluster Lifecycle, Instrumentation and Node]

### Other (Cleanup or Flake)

O OpenAPI exige que cada ID de operação seja único em todas as *operações de rota*, então o FastAPI usa o **nome da função**, o **path** e o **método/operação HTTP** para gerar esse ID de operação, porque dessa forma ele pode garantir que os IDs de operação sejam únicos.

Mas eu vou te mostrar como melhorar isso a seguir. 🤓

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

しかし FastAPI（正確には Starlette）は、内部ミドルウェアがサーバーエラーを処理し、カスタム例外ハンドラが正しく動作することを保証する、より簡単な方法を提供しています。

そのためには（CORS の例と同様に）`app.add_middleware()` を使います。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

	ErrPermission = Error{
		Code:    http.StatusForbidden,
		APICode: "kms:NotAuthorized",
		Err:     "insufficient permissions to perform KMS operation",
	}

	// ErrKeyExists is an error returned by the KMS when trying to
	// create a key that already exists.
	ErrKeyExists = Error{
		Code:    http.StatusConflict,
		APICode: "kms:KeyAlreadyExists",
		Err:     "key with given key ID already exits",
	}