* a default value.
   *
   * If this does read a value, it starts with the tag and length, and reads an entire value,
   * including any potential composed values.
   *
   * If there's nothing to read and no default value, this will throw an exception.
   */
  fun fromDer(reader: DerReader): T

  fun fromDer(byteString: ByteString): T {

    @Throws(IOException::class)
    override fun read(
      sink: Buffer,
      byteCount: Long,
    ): Long {
      while (left == 0) {
        source.skip(padding.toLong())
        padding = 0
        if (flags and FLAG_END_HEADERS != 0) return -1L
        readContinuationHeader()
        // TODO: test case for empty continuation header?
      }

      val read = source.read(sink, minOf(byteCount, left.toLong()))

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected Ticker() {}

  /** Returns the number of nanoseconds elapsed since this ticker's fixed point of reference. */
  public abstract long read();

  /**
   * A ticker that reads the current time using {@link System#nanoTime}.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static Ticker systemTicker() {
    return SYSTEM_TICKER;
  }

	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

// newUnsignedV4ChunkedReader returns a new s3UnsignedChunkedReader that translates the data read from r
// out of HTTP "chunked" format before returning it.
// The s3ChunkedReader returns io.EOF when the final 0-length chunk is read.
func newUnsignedV4ChunkedReader(req *http.Request, trailer bool, signature bool) (io.ReadCloser, APIErrorCode) {
	if signature {

      }
    }
  }

  abstract val path: Any

  /**
   * Reads the public suffix list treating the operation as uninterruptible. We always want to read
   * the list otherwise we'll be left in a bad state. If the thread was interrupted prior to this
   * operation, it will be re-interrupted after the list is read.
   */
  private fun readTheListUninterruptibly() {
    var interrupted = false
    try {

		return
	}
}

// readAllInto reads from r and appends to b until an error or EOF and returns the data it read.
// A successful call returns err == nil, not err == EOF. Because readAllInto is
// defined to read from src until EOF, it does not treat an EOF from Read
// as an error to be reported.
func readAllInto(b []byte, r *wsutil.Reader, want int64) ([]byte, error) {
	read := int64(0)
	for {
		if len(b) == cap(b) {

    or a <i>synchronizing operation</i> such as an atomic data access,
	a mutex operation, or a channel operation,</li>
	<li>its location in the program,</li>
	<li>the memory location or variable being accessed, and</li>
	<li>the values read or written by the operation.</li>
</ul>
<p>

	err          *error
	readCloser   io.ReadCloser
	onReaderExit func()

	exitReader chan struct{}
	readerWg   sync.WaitGroup
}

// Read - reads single record.
func (r *Reader) Read(dst sql.Record) (sql.Record, error) {
	v, ok := <-r.decoded
	if !ok {
		if r.err != nil && *r.err != nil {
			return nil, errJSONParsingError(*r.err)
		}
		return nil, io.EOF
	}

   */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(File file) throws IOException {
    return asByteSource(file).read();
  }

  /**
   * Reads all characters from a file into a {@link String}, using the given character set.
   *
   * @param file the file to read from
   * @param charset the charset used to decode the input stream; see {@link StandardCharsets} for
   *     helpful predefined constants

class HeadersReader(
  val source: BufferedSource,
) {
  private var headerLimit = HEADER_LIMIT.toLong()

  /** Read a single line counted against the header size limit. */
  fun readLine(): String {
    val line = source.readUtf8LineStrict(headerLimit)
    headerLimit -= line.length.toLong()
    return line
  }

  /** Reads headers or trailers. */
  fun readHeaders(): Headers {
    val result = Headers.Builder()
    while (true) {