target.put(seq.charAt(pos++));
    }
    return charsToRead;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
    checkOpen();
    requireNonNull(seq); // safe because of checkOpen
    return hasRemaining() ? seq.charAt(pos++) : -1;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkPositionIndexes(off, off + len, cbuf.length);
    checkOpen();

P = ParamSpec("P")


class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
    """
    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
    sent to the client.

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).

    ## Example

    ```python
    from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI

      object : Source {
        private var cacheRequestClosed = false

        @Throws(IOException::class)
        override fun read(
          sink: Buffer,
          byteCount: Long,
        ): Long {
          val bytesRead: Long
          try {
            bytesRead = source.read(sink, byteCount)
          } catch (e: IOException) {
            if (!cacheRequestClosed) {
              cacheRequestClosed = true

	defer xioutil.ODirectPoolSmall.Put(bufp)

	for left > 0 {
		// Read expected hash...
		h.Reset()
		n, err := io.ReadFull(r, hashBuf)
		if err != nil {
			// Read's failed for object with right size, file is corrupt.
			return err
		}
		// Subtract hash length..
		left -= int64(n)
		if left < shardSize {
			shardSize = left
		}

		read, err := io.CopyBuffer(h, io.LimitReader(r, shardSize), *bufp)

    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/": {
                "get": {
                    "summary": "Read Root",
                    "operationId": "read_root__get",
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {
                            "description": "Successful Response",

except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
    orjson = None  # type: ignore


class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
    """
    JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON.

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
    """

    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:

 * Fix: Drop `Content-Length` header when redirected from POST to GET.
 * Fix: Correctly read cached header entries with malformed header names.
 * Fix: Do not directly support any authentication schemes other than "Basic".
 * Fix: Respect read timeouts on recycled connections.
 * Fix: Transmit multiple cookie values as a single header with delimiter.

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

/**
 * A Ticker whose value can be advanced programmatically in test.
 *
 * <p>The ticker can be configured so that the time is incremented whenever {@link #read} is called:
 * see {@link #setAutoIncrementStep}.
 *
 * <p>This class is thread-safe.
 *
 * @author Jige Yu
 * @since 10.0
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
@GwtCompatible

                                    }
                                }
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    "summary": "Read Item",
                    "operationId": "read_item_items__item_id__get",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": True,

        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "summary": "Read Items",
                    "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": True,