from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    *,
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: str,
    size: Annotated[float, Query(gt=0, lt=10.5)],
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})
    if size:
        results.update({"size": size})

## Псевдонимы параметров { #alias-parameters }

Представьте, что вы хотите, чтобы параметр назывался `item-query`.

Например:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

Но `item-query` — недопустимое имя переменной в Python.

Ближайший вариант — `item_query`.

Но вам всё равно нужно именно `item-query`...

        return encoded_dict
    if isinstance(obj, (list, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, tuple, deque)):
        encoded_list = []
        for item in obj:
            encoded_list.append(
                jsonable_encoder(
                    item,
                    include=include,
                    exclude=exclude,
                    by_alias=by_alias,
                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie möchten, dass der Parameter `item-query` ist.

Wie in:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

Aber `item-query` ist kein gültiger Name für eine Variable in Python.

Der am ähnlichsten wäre `item_query`.

Aber Sie benötigen dennoch, dass er genau `item-query` ist ...

)
def response_model_model1_annotation_model2_return_invalid_dict() -> Item:
    return {"name": "John"}


@app.get(
    "/response_model_model1-annotation_model2-return_invalid_model", response_model=User
)
def response_model_model1_annotation_model2_return_invalid_model() -> Item:
    return Item(name="Foo", price=42.0)


@app.get(

        raise


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: str = Depends(get_username)):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404, detail="Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"
        )

        raise


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404, detail="Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"
        )

  private void testItems() {
    for (Object item : Iterables.concat(equalityGroups)) {
      assertTrue(item + " must not be Object#equals to null", !item.equals(null));
      assertTrue(
          item + " must not be Object#equals to an arbitrary object of another class",
          !item.equals(NotAnInstance.EQUAL_TO_NOTHING));
      assertTrue(item + " must be Object#equals to itself", item.equals(item));
      assertEquals(

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py hl[13] *}

## 별칭 매개변수

매개변수가 `item-query`이길 원한다고 가정해 봅시다.

마치 다음과 같습니다:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

그러나 `item-query`은 유효한 파이썬 변수 이름이 아닙니다.

가장 가까운 것은 `item_query`일 겁니다.

하지만 정확히`item-query`이길 원합니다...

이럴 경우 `alias`를 선언할 수 있으며, 해당 별칭은 매개변수 값을 찾는 데 사용됩니다:

```JSON hl_lines="22"
{
    "openapi": "3.1.0",
    "info": {
        "title": "FastAPI",
        "version": "0.1.0"
    },
    "paths": {
        "/items/": {
            "get": {
                "summary": "Read Items",
                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
                "responses": {
                    "200": {
                        "description": "Successful Response",