from typing import Annotated, Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form
from starlette.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/urlencoded")
async def post_url_encoded(age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None):
    return age


@app.post("/multipart")
async def post_multi_part(
    age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None,
    file: Annotated[Optional[bytes], File()] = None,
):

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class MyModel(BaseModel):
    """
    A model with a form feed character in the title.
    \f
    Text after form feed character.
    """


@app.get("/foo")
def foo(v: MyModel):  # pragma: no cover
    pass


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi():

     *
     * @param dictId the dictionary ID
     * @param form the upload form containing the dictionary file
     * @return JSON response with result status
     */
    // PUT /api/admin/dict/kuromoji/upload/{dictId}
    @Execute
    public JsonResponse<ApiResult> put$upload(final String dictId, final UploadForm form) {
        form.dictId = dictId;
        validateApi(form, messages -> {});

     * @param form upload form containing the file and metadata
     * @return JSON response indicating the API result status
     */
    // PUT /api/admin/dict/protwords/upload/{dictId}
    @Execute
    public JsonResponse<ApiResult> put$upload(final String dictId, final UploadForm form) {
        form.dictId = dictId;
        validateApi(form, messages -> {});

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Min;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

/**
 * The create form for Key Match.
 */
public class CreateForm {

    /**
     * Creates a new CreateForm instance.
     */
    public CreateForm() {
    }

    /**
     * The CRUD mode for the form.
     */
    @ValidateTypeFailure
    public Integer crudMode;

    /**

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.theme.conversion.ValidateTypeFailure;

/**
 * The create form for Search List.
 *
 */
public class CreateForm {

    /**
     * Creates a new CreateForm instance.
     */
    public CreateForm() {
    }

    /**
     * The CRUD mode for the form.
     */
    @ValidateTypeFailure
    public Integer crudMode;

    /**

///

## 什么是 「表单数据」

与 JSON 不同，HTML 表单（`<form></form>`）向服务器发送数据通常使用「特殊」的编码。

**FastAPI** 要确保从正确的位置读取数据，而不是读取 JSON。

/// note | 技术细节

不包含文件时，表单数据一般用 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`「媒体类型」编码。

但表单包含文件时，编码为 `multipart/form-data`。使用了 `File`，**FastAPI** 就知道要从请求体的正确位置获取文件。

     *
     * @param dictId the dictionary ID
     * @param form the upload form containing the dictionary file
     * @return JSON response with result status
     */
    // PUT /api/admin/dict/synonym/upload/{dictId}
    @Execute
    public JsonResponse<ApiResult> put$upload(final String dictId, final UploadForm form) {
        form.dictId = dictId;
        validateApi(form, messages -> {});

The spec also states that the `username` and `password` must be sent as form data (so, no JSON here).

### `scope` { #scope }

The spec also says that the client can send another form field "`scope`".

The form field name is `scope` (in singular), but it is actually a long string with "scopes" separated by spaces.

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Min;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

/**
 * The create form for Scheduler.
 *
 */
public class CreateForm {

    /**
     * Creates a new CreateForm instance.
     */
    public CreateForm() {
    }

    /**
     * The CRUD mode for the form.
     */
    @ValidateTypeFailure
    public Integer crudMode;

    /**