@CsvSource({ "'', 4", "'a', 6", "'\\\\', 8", "'\\\\server', 20", "'\\\\server\\share', 32", "'\\\\server\\share\\path', 42",
                "'\\\\server\\share\\very\\long\\path\\with\\many\\segments', 100" })
        void testSizeCalculation(String path, int expectedSize) {
            buffer = new DfsReferralRequestBuffer(path, 3);

            assertEquals(expectedSize, buffer.size());
        }

This is just a **quick tutorial / refresher** about Python type hints. It covers only the minimum necessary to use them with **FastAPI**... which is actually very little.

**FastAPI** is all based on these type hints, they give it many advantages and benefits.

But even if you never use **FastAPI**, you would benefit from learning a bit about them.

/// note

hostnames for us to make sure that we can provide horizontal distribution, however we have come across situations where sometimes this is not feasible and there are no easier alternatives without modifying /etc/hosts on the host system as root user.  Many times in airgapped deployments this is not allowed or requires audits and approvals.

MinIO server configuration file allows users to provide topology that allows for heterogeneous hostnames, allowing MinIO to deployed in pre-existing environments...

  }

  // Class unloading test:

  public static final class WillBeUnloadedException extends Exception {}

  @AndroidIncompatible // "Parent ClassLoader may not be null"; maybe avoidable if we try?
  public void testGetChecked_classUnloading() throws Exception {
    WeakReference<?> classUsedByGetChecked = doTestClassUnloading();
    GcFinalization.awaitClear(classUsedByGetChecked);
  }

    assertTrue(concurrentlyMutatedList.getAllStates().contains(copyOfIterable));
  }

  private static void runConcurrentlyMutatedTest(WrapWithIterable wrap) {
    /*
     * TODO: Iterate over many array sizes and all possible operation lists,
     * performing adds and removes in different ways.
     */
    runConcurrentlyMutatedTest(elements(), ops(add(1), add(2)), wrap);

    FastAPI will use the `response_model` parameter (that includes dataclasses) to convert the response.

You can combine `dataclasses` with other type annotations in many different combinations to form complex data structures.

Check the in-code annotation tips above to see more specific details.

## Learn More { #learn-more }

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

There are many other ASGI middlewares.

For example:

* <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>

    return delegate().descendingMap();
  }

  /**
   * A sensible implementation of {@link NavigableMap#descendingMap} in terms of the methods of this
   * {@code NavigableMap}. In many cases, you may wish to override {@link
   * ForwardingNavigableMap#descendingMap} to forward to this implementation or a subclass thereof.
   *
   * <p>In particular, this map iterates over entries with repeated calls to {@link

    return delegate().descendingMap();
  }

  /**
   * A sensible implementation of {@link NavigableMap#descendingMap} in terms of the methods of this
   * {@code NavigableMap}. In many cases, you may wish to override {@link
   * ForwardingNavigableMap#descendingMap} to forward to this implementation or a subclass thereof.
   *
   * <p>In particular, this map iterates over entries with repeated calls to {@link

That way, you don't have to read it all first in memory, and you can pass that generator function to the `StreamingResponse`, and return it.

This includes many libraries to interact with cloud storage, video processing, and others.

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial008.py hl[2,10:12,14] *}