public <T extends @Nullable Object> T[] toArray(T[] array) {
            T[] result = super.toArray(array);
            if (size() < result.length) {
              // It works around a GWT bug where elements after last is not
              // properly null'ed.
              @Nullable Object[] unsoundlyCovariantArray = result;
              unsoundlyCovariantArray[size()] = null;
            }

///

Чтобы **изучить основы HTTPS** для клиента, перейдите по ссылке <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.

Здесь же представлены некоторые концепции, которые **разработчик** должен иметь в виду при размышлениях об HTTPS:

And an `APIRoute` subclass to use that custom request class.

### Create a custom `GzipRequest` class

/// tip

This is a toy example to demonstrate how it works, if you need Gzip support, you can use the provided [`GzipMiddleware`](../advanced/middleware.md#gzipmiddleware){.internal-link target=_blank}.

///

And of course, it supports the same:

* data validation
* data serialization
* data documentation, etc.

This works the same way as with Pydantic models. And it is actually achieved in the same way underneath, using Pydantic.

/// info

Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

	SHLL	CX, R12
	SHLL	CX, foo+4(SB)
	// Old syntax, still accepted:
	SHLL	CX, R11:AX // SHLL CX, AX, R11

// LTYPEM spec6	{ outcode($1, &$2); }
	MOVL	AX, R11
	MOVL	$4, R11
//	MOVL	AX, 0(AX):DS // no longer works - did it ever?

// LTYPEI spec7	{ outcode($1, &$2); }
	IMULB	DX
	IMULW	DX, BX
	IMULL	R11, R12
	IMULQ	foo+4(SB), R11

// LTYPEXC spec8	{ outcode($1, &$2); }
	CMPPD	X1, X2, 4
	CMPPD	foo+4(SB), X2, 4

The whole **FastAPI** framework is based to satisfy that. Autocompletion works everywhere.

You will rarely need to come back to the docs.

Here's how your editor might help you:

* in <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Visual Studio Code</a>:

In fact, in some cases, it will even have **two JSON Schemas** in OpenAPI for the same Pydantic model, for input and output, depending on if they have **default values**.

Let's see how that works and how to change it if you need to do that.

## Pydantic Models for Input and Output

Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one:

      fail("setValue on unmodifiable Map.Entry succeeded");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
    }
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that an Iterator is unmodifiable.
   *
   * <p>This test only works with iterators that iterate over a finite set.
   */
  public static void assertIteratorIsUnmodifiable(Iterator<?> iterator) {
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      iterator.next();
      try {
        iterator.remove();

All these, while minimizing code repetition.

## First Steps

Let's see a very simple example. It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.

But this way we can focus on how the **Dependency Injection** system works.

### Create a dependency, or "dependable"

Let's first focus on the dependency.

It is just a function that can take all the same parameters that a *path operation function* can take:

      byte[] got = out.toByteArray();
      for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
        assertEquals(expected[i], got[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  // Assumes that AbstractNonStreamingHashFunction works properly (must be tested elsewhere!)
  private static class Control extends AbstractNonStreamingHashFunction {
    @Override
    public HashCode hashBytes(byte[] input, int off, int len) {