url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: Union[list[Image], None] = None


class Offer(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    items: list[Item]


@app.post("/offers/")

            "axisLabel": "",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            },
            "insertNulls": false,
            "lineInterpolation": "linear",

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    response_model=Item,
    summary="Create an item",
    response_description="The created item",
)
async def create_item(item: Item):
    """

        {
            "name": "Portal Gun",
            "description": None,
            "price": 42.0,
            "tags": [],
            "tax": None,
        },
        {
            "name": "Plumbus",
            "description": None,
            "price": 32.0,
            "tags": [],
            "tax": None,
        },
    ]


def test_create_item(client: TestClient):
    item_data = {

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    response_model=Item,
    summary="Create an item",
    response_description="The created item",
)

```

////

В обоих случаях это означает, что `item` может быть `int` или `str`.

#### Возможно `None` { #possibly-none }

Вы можете объявить, что значение может иметь определённый тип, например `str`, но также может быть и `None`.

В Python 3.6 и выше (включая Python 3.10) это можно объявить, импортировав и используя `Optional` из модуля `typing`.

```Python hl_lines="1  4"

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

////

Мы «обернём» это в `Annotated`, и получится:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python
q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
```

////

    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    secret_name: str


class HeroUpdate(HeroBase):
    name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={