This practice is common enough that it has a name, these environment variables are commonly placed in a file `.env`, and the file is called a "dotenv".

/// tip

A file starting with a dot (`.`) is a hidden file in Unix-like systems, like Linux and macOS.

But a dotenv file doesn't really have to have that exact filename.

///

     * called.
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    public Builder<C> addAll(RangeSet<C> ranges) {
      return addAll(ranges.asRanges());
    }

    /**
     * Add all of the specified ranges to this builder. Adjacent ranges are permitted and will be
     * merged, but overlapping ranges will cause an exception when {@link #build()} is called.
     *

      long callId = nextCallId.getAndIncrement();
      System.out.printf("%04d %s%n", callId, call.request().url());
      return new PrintingEventListener(callId, System.nanoTime());
    }
  };

  final long callId;
  final long callStartNanos;

  public PrintingEventListener(long callId, long callStartNanos) {
    this.callId = callId;
    this.callStartNanos = callStartNanos;
  }

    return new IdentityHashMap<>();
  }

  /**
   * Computes the difference between two maps. This difference is an immutable snapshot of the state
   * of the maps at the time this method is called. It will never change, even if the maps change at
   * a later time.
   *
   * <p>Since this method uses {@code HashMap} instances internally, the keys of the supplied maps

    return new IdentityHashMap<>();
  }

  /**
   * Computes the difference between two maps. This difference is an immutable snapshot of the state
   * of the maps at the time this method is called. It will never change, even if the maps change at
   * a later time.
   *
   * <p>Since this method uses {@code HashMap} instances internally, the keys of the supplied maps

abstract class AbstractIndexedListIterator<E extends @Nullable Object>
    extends UnmodifiableListIterator<E> {
  private final int size;
  private int position;

  /** Returns the element with the specified index. This method is called by {@link #next()}. */
  @ParametricNullness
  protected abstract E get(int index);

  /**
   * Constructs an iterator across a sequence of the given size whose initial position is 0. That

}

// IsClosed - Check if the rlocked file is already closed.
func (r *RLockedFile) IsClosed() bool {
	r.mutex.Lock()
	defer r.mutex.Unlock()
	return r.refs == 0
}

// IncLockRef - is used by called to indicate lock refs.
func (r *RLockedFile) IncLockRef() {
	r.mutex.Lock()
	r.refs++
	r.mutex.Unlock()
}

// Close - this closer implements a special closer
// closes the underlying fd only when the refs

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

/**
 * A Ticker whose value can be advanced programmatically in test.
 *
 * <p>The ticker can be configured so that the time is incremented whenever {@link #read} is called:
 * see {@link #setAutoIncrementStep}.
 *
 * <p>This class is thread-safe.
 *
 * @author Jige Yu
 * @since 10.0
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
@GwtCompatible
public class FakeTicker extends Ticker {

          "removeIf(Predicate) should return false or throw " + "UnsupportedOperationException",
          collection.removeIf(
              x -> {
                throw new AssertionError("predicate should never be called");
              }));
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException tolerated) {
    }
    expectUnchanged();
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)

Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

///

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

For example, in one of the ways the OAuth2 specification can be used (called "password flow") it is required to send a `username` and `password` as form fields.

The <abbr title="specification">spec</abbr> requires the fields to be exactly named `username` and `password`, and to be sent as form fields, not JSON.