assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Not Found: http://example.com/child Parent: http://example.com/parent", exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullParentUrl() {
        // Test with null parent URL
        String parentUrl = null;
        String url = "http://example.com/child";

        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals(type, exception.getType());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullType() {
        // Test constructor with null type
        String type = null;
        String message = "Token validation failed";

        assertEquals(level1, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Runtime error", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level2, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid state", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level3, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Null value", exception.getCause().getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

        CIFSUnsupportedCryptoException exception = new CIFSUnsupportedCryptoException();

        // Then
        assertNull(exception.getMessage(), "Default constructor should have null message");
        assertNull(exception.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeCIFSException, "Should extend RuntimeCIFSException");

        // Verify the exception chain
        assertNotNull(runtimeException);
        assertEquals(servletException, runtimeException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, servletException.getCause());

        // Verify messages in the chain
        assertTrue(runtimeException.getMessage().contains(ServletException.class.getName()));

        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

        assertEquals("Level 3", level3.getMessage());
        assertEquals(level2, level3.getCause());
        assertEquals("Level 2", level3.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level1, level3.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Level 1", level3.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_throwAndCatchException() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception

        assertEquals(url, exception.getUrl());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(outerCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertFalse(exception.aborted());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharactersInUrl() {

        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException(message, cause);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Token validation failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message

        QueryParseException queryParseException = new QueryParseException(parseException);

        assertEquals(parseException, queryParseException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, queryParseException.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_toString() {
        // Test toString method
        String errorMessage = "ToString test error";