#### Generic tipler

Köşeli parantez içinde tip parametreleri alan bu türler, örneğin:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...and others.

**Generic types** yada  **Generics** olarak adlandırılır.

### Tip olarak Sınıflar

Bir değişkenin tipini bir sınıf ile bildirebilirsiniz.

   * {@code [1]} and {@code [1, 1]}).
   */
  // Note: 90% of the time we don't add type parameters or wildcards that serve only to "tweak" the
  // desired return type. However, *nested* generics introduce a special class of problems that we
  // think tip it over into being worthwhile.
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object, S extends T> Comparator<Iterable<S>> lexicographical(
      Comparator<T> comparator) {

   * instead of {@code R extends Comparable<? super R>}, and the same for {@code C}. That's
   * necessary to support classes defined without generics.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/989
  public static <R extends Comparable, C extends Comparable, V> TreeBasedTable<R, C, V> create() {

    Class<? super T> rawType = type.getRawType();
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Assume all default values are generics safe.
    T defaultValue = (T) defaultValues.getInstance(rawType);
    if (defaultValue != null) {
      return defaultValue;
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // ArbitraryInstances always returns generics-safe dummies.
    T value = (T) ArbitraryInstances.get(rawType);
    if (value != null) {
      return value;

   *
   * <p>The type specification is {@code <E extends Comparable>}, instead of the more specific
   * {@code <E extends Comparable<? super E>>}, to support classes defined without generics.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/989
  public static <E extends Comparable> TreeMultiset<E> create() {
    return new TreeMultiset<>(Ordering.natural());
  }

  /**

        checkNotNull(entry.getValue());
      }
      @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
      // immutable collections are safe for covariant casts
      // and getting the generics right for EnumMap is difficult to impossible
      ImmutableMap<K, V> result = ImmutableEnumMap.asImmutable(new EnumMap(enumMap));
      return result;
    }

    int size = map.size();
    switch (size) {

////

//// tab | Python 3.10 і вище

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

#### Generic типи

Ці типи, які приймають параметри типу у квадратних дужках, називаються **Generic types** or **Generics**, наприклад:

//// tab | Python 3.8 і вище

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Union`
* `Optional`
* ...та інші.

////

Les types qui peuvent contenir des paramètres de types entre crochets, comme :

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...et d'autres.

sont appelés des **types génériques** ou **Generics**.

### Classes en tant que types

Vous pouvez aussi déclarer une classe comme type d'une variable.

Disons que vous avez une classe `Person`, avec une variable `name` :

```

`Optional[str]`을 `str` 대신 쓰게 되면, 특정 값이 실제로는 `None`이 될 수도 있는데 항상 `str`이라고 가정하는 상황에서 에디터가 에러를 찾게 도와줄 수 있습니다.

#### Generic(제네릭) 타입

이 타입은 대괄호 안에 매개변수를 가지며, 종류는:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...등등

위와 같은 타입은 **Generic(제네릭) 타입** 혹은 **Generics(제네릭스)**라고 불립니다.

### 타입으로서의 클래스

변수의 타입으로 클래스를 선언할 수도 있습니다.

이름(name)을 가진 `Person` 클래스가 있다고 해봅시다.

 * used; or if the class exposes a public parameter-less constructor then it will be "new"d and
 * returned.
 *
 * <p>All default instances returned by {@link #get} are generics-safe. Clients won't get type
 * errors for using {@code get(Comparator.class)} as a {@code Comparator<Foo>}, for example.
 * Immutable empty instances are returned for collection types; {@code ""} for string; {@code 0} for