* query the fragment is not sent to the webserver: it's private to the client.
 *
 * ## Encoding
 *
 * Each component must be encoded before it is embedded in the complete URL. As we saw above, the
 * string `cute #puppies` is encoded as `cute%20%23puppies` when used as a query parameter value.
 *
 * ### Percent encoding
 *

	readParts := ReadPartCheckSums(serializedOut)
	expectedChecksums := []string{
		part1Checksum.Encoded,
		part2Checksum.Encoded,
		part3Checksum.Encoded,
	}
	for i, expected := range expectedChecksums {
		if got := readParts[i][ChecksumCRC32C.String()]; got != expected {
			t.Fatalf("want part%dChecksum.Encoded %s, got %s", i+1, expected, got)
		}
	}

# JSON Compatible Encoder { #json-compatible-encoder }

There are some cases where you might need to convert a data type (like a Pydantic model) to something compatible with JSON (like a `dict`, `list`, etc).

For example, if you need to store it in a database.

For that, **FastAPI** provides a `jsonable_encoder()` function.

## Using the `jsonable_encoder` { #using-the-jsonable-encoder }

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | Technical Details

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.

But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. You'll read about handling files in the next chapter.

/**
 * The first two bytes of each value is a header that includes its tag (field ID) and length.
 */
internal data class DerHeader(
  /**
   * Namespace of the tag.
   *
   * This value is encoded in bits 7 and 8 of the first byte of each value.
   *
   * ```
   * 0b00xxxxxx Universal
   * 0b01xxxxxx Application
   * 0b10xxxxxx Context-Specific
   * 0b11xxxxxx Private
   * ```
   */
  var tagClass: Int,

// ScanRunes is a split function for a [Scanner] that returns each
// UTF-8-encoded rune as a token. The sequence of runes returned is
// equivalent to that from a range loop over the input as a string, which
// means that erroneous UTF-8 encodings translate to U+FFFD = "\xef\xbf\xbd".
// Because of the Scan interface, this makes it impossible for the client to
// distinguish correctly encoded replacement runes from encoding errors.

    val expected =
      Buffer()
        .writeByte(0x40) // Literal header, new name.
        .writeByte(0x82) // String literal is Huffman encoded (len = 2).
        .writeByte(0x94) // 'foo' Huffman encoded.
        .writeByte(0xE7)
        .writeByte(3) // String literal not Huffman encoded (len = 3).
        .writeByte('b'.code)
        .writeByte('a'.code)
        .writeByte('r'.code)
        .readByteString()

  private val bytesIn = Buffer()
  private val hpackReader = Hpack.Reader(bytesIn, 4096)

  protected fun testDecoder(story: Story) {
    for (testCase in story.cases) {
      val encoded = testCase.wire ?: continue
      bytesIn.write(encoded)
      hpackReader.readHeaders()
      assertSetEquals(
        "seqno=$testCase.seqno",
        testCase.headersList,
        hpackReader.getAndResetHeaderList(),
      )
    }
  }

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | Technical Details

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` when it doesn't include files.

But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. If you use `File`, **FastAPI** will know it has to get the files from the correct part of the body.

	IV        []byte
	Nonce     []byte
	Bytes     []byte
}

// UnmarshalJSON parses the given text as JSON-encoded
// ciphertext.
//
// UnmarshalJSON provides backward-compatible unmarsahaling
// of existing ciphertext. In the past, ciphertexts were
// JSON-encoded. Now, ciphertexts are binary-encoded.
// Therefore, there is no MarshalJSON implementation.
func (c *ciphertext) UnmarshalJSON(text []byte) error {
	const (