public interface SuccessorsFunction<N> {

  /**
   * Returns all nodes in this graph adjacent to {@code node} which can be reached by traversing
   * {@code node}'s outgoing edges in the direction (if any) of the edge.
   *
   * <p>This is <i>not</i> the same as "all nodes reachable from {@code node} by following outgoing

 * user-defined properties.
 *
 * <p>A {@code Network} built by this class has the following default properties:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>does not allow parallel edges
 *   <li>does not allow self-loops
 *   <li>orders {@link Network#nodes()} and {@link Network#edges()} in the order in which the
 *       elements were added (insertion order)
 * </ul>
 *

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A class to represent the set of edges connecting an (implicit) origin node to a target node.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #nodeToOutEdge} map means this class only works on networks without parallel edges.
 * See {@link MultiEdgesConnecting} for a class that works with parallel edges.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
final class EdgesConnecting<E> extends AbstractSet<E> {

 */
@Beta
@DoNotMock("Implement with a lambda, or use GraphBuilder to build a Graph with the desired edges")
public interface PredecessorsFunction<N> {

  /**
   * Returns all nodes in this graph adjacent to {@code node} which can be reached by traversing
   * {@code node}'s incoming edges <i>against</i> the direction (if any) of the edge.
   *
   * <p>Some algorithms that operate on a {@code PredecessorsFunction} may produce undesired results

  }

  @Override
  public N adjacentNode(E edge) {
    // Since the reference node is defined to be 'source' for directed graphs,
    // we can assume this edge lives in the set of outgoing edges.
    // (We're relying on callers to call this method only with an edge that's in the graph.)
    return requireNonNull(outEdgeMap.get(edge));
  }

  @Override
  public N removeInEdge(E edge, boolean isSelfLoop) {
    if (isSelfLoop) {

 */
abstract class AbstractBaseGraph<N> implements BaseGraph<N> {

  /**
   * Returns the number of edges in this graph; used to calculate the size of {@link Graph#edges()}.
   * This implementation requires O(|N|) time. Classes extending this one may manually keep track of
   * the number of edges as the graph is updated, and override this method for better performance.
   */
  protected long edgeCount() {

  Optional<Integer> expectedNodeCount = Optional.absent();

  /**
   * Creates a new instance with the specified edge directionality.
   *
   * @param directed if true, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each directed; if
   *     false, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each undirected.
   */
  AbstractGraphBuilder(boolean directed) {
    this.directed = directed;
  }

  @Override
  public Set<N> nodes() {
    return delegate().nodes();
  }

  /**
   * Defer to {@link AbstractValueGraph#edges()} (based on {@link #successors(Object)}) for full
   * edges() implementation.
   */
  @Override
  protected long edgeCount() {
    return delegate().edges().size();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isDirected() {
    return delegate().isDirected();
  }

  @Override

  @Override
  public Set<N> nodes() {
    return delegate().nodes();
  }

  /**
   * Defer to {@link AbstractGraph#edges()} (based on {@link #successors(Object)}) for full edges()
   * implementation.
   */
  @Override
  protected long edgeCount() {
    return delegate().edges().size();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isDirected() {
    return delegate().isDirected();
  }

  @Override

            EndpointPair.ordered(1, 3),
            EndpointPair.ordered(1, 2))
        .inOrder();
  }

  /**
   * Populates the graph with nodes and edges in a star shape with node `1` in the middle.
   *
   * <p>Note that the edges are added in a shuffled order to properly test the effect of the
   * insertion order.
   */
  private void populateStarShapedGraph() {
    putEdge(2, 1);
    putEdge(1, 4);