assertEquals(boolean.class, m1.getReturnType());
        assertEquals(0, m1.getParameterCount());
        assertEquals(0, m1.getExceptionTypes().length);

        // overlaps(SmbResourceLocator): boolean, declares CIFSException
        Method m2 = clazz.getMethod("overlaps", SmbResourceLocator.class);
        assertEquals(boolean.class, m2.getReturnType());
        assertEquals(1, m2.getParameterCount());

{*../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py hl[2] *}

## Déclarer des types

Vous venez de voir là où les types sont généralement déclarés : dans les paramètres de fonctions.

C'est aussi ici que vous les utiliseriez avec **FastAPI**.

### Types simples

Vous pouvez déclarer tous les types  de Python, pas seulement `str`.

Comme par exemple :

* `int`
* `float`

          && method.getName().startsWith("test")
          /*
           * When we block access to AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater, we can't even reflect on
           * AbstractFuture, since it declares methods that use that type in their signatures.
           */
          && !method.getName().equals("testFutures_nullChecks")) {
        suite.addTest(
            TestSuite.createTest(

///

This parameter doesn't create that endpoint / *path operation*, but declares that the URL `/token` will be the one that the client should use to get the token. That information is used in OpenAPI, and then in the interactive API documentation systems.

We will soon also create the actual path operation.

## `response_model` Parameter { #response-model-parameter }

There are some cases where you need or want to return some data that is not exactly what the type declares.

For example, you could want to **return a dictionary** or a database object, but **declare it as a Pydantic model**. This way the Pydantic model would do all the data documentation, validation, etc. for the object that you returned (e.g. a dictionary or database object).

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None, Query(min_length=3)] = None
```

So, when you need to declare a value as required while using `Query`, you can simply not declare a default value:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py hl[9] *}

### Required, can be `None` { #required-can-be-none }

Because each SQLModel model is also a Pydantic model, you can use it in the same **type annotations** that you could use Pydantic models.

For example, if you declare a parameter of type `Hero`, it will be read from the **JSON body**.

The same way, you can declare it as the function's **return type**, and then the shape of the data will show up in the automatic API docs UI.

...
DATA divtab<>+0x3c(SB)/4, $0x81828384
GLOBL divtab<>(SB), RODATA, $64

GLOBL runtime·tlsoffset(SB), NOPTR, $4
</pre>

<p>
declares and initializes <code>divtab&lt;&gt;</code>, a read-only 64-byte table of 4-byte integer values,
and declares <code>runtime·tlsoffset</code>, a 4-byte, implicitly zeroed variable that
contains no pointers.
</p>

<p>
There may be one or two arguments to the directives.

            assertNotNull(e.getCause());
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IllegalArgumentException);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test exception in method that declares throws
     */
    public void test_exceptionInMethod() {
        try {
            methodThatThrowsException();
            fail("Should have thrown CrawlerSystemException");

   * declaration of a method with the same name and formal parameters as {@link Object#equals} that
   * is not public and boolean-returning, or that declares any type parameters, would be rejected at
   * compile-time.
   */
  private static boolean isEquals(Member member) {
    if (!(member instanceof Method)) {
      return false;
    }