# Form Models { #form-models }

You can use **Pydantic models** to declare **form fields** in FastAPI.

/// info

To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

# Modelos Extra { #extra-models }

Continuando con el ejemplo anterior, será común tener más de un modelo relacionado.

Esto es especialmente el caso para los modelos de usuario, porque:

* El **modelo de entrada** necesita poder tener una contraseña.
* El **modelo de salida** no debería tener una contraseña.
* El **modelo de base de datos** probablemente necesitaría tener una contraseña hasheada.

/// danger | Peligro

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image01.png">

/// note | Hinweis

Einige Responsecodes (siehe nächsten Abschnitt) kennzeichnen, dass die Response keinen Body hat.

FastAPI erkennt dies und erstellt eine OpenAPI-Dokumentation, die zeigt, dass es keinen Responsebody gibt.

///

## Über HTTP-Statuscodes { #about-http-status-codes }

/// note | Hinweis

**FastAPI** 将从请求中接收到的 **headers** 中**提取**出**每个字段**的数据，并提供您定义的 Pydantic 模型。

## 查看文档

您可以在文档 UI 的 `/docs` 中查看所需的 headers：

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/header-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

## 禁止额外的 Headers

在某些特殊使用情况下（可能并不常见），您可能希望**限制**您想要接收的 headers。

您可以使用 Pydantic 的模型配置来禁止（ `forbid` ）任何额外（ `extra` ）字段：

# Body - Вложенные модели { #body-nested-models }

С помощью **FastAPI** вы можете определять, валидировать, документировать и использовать модели произвольной глубины вложенности (благодаря Pydantic).

## Поля-списки { #list-fields }

Вы можете определить атрибут как подтип. Например, Python-тип `list`:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py hl[12] *}

 *       byte sequences under the covers.
 *   <li><b>hash code:</b> each hash function always yields hash codes of the same fixed bit length
 *       (given by {@link #bits}). For example, {@link Hashing#sha1} produces a 160-bit number,
 *       while {@link Hashing#murmur3_32()} yields only 32 bits. Because a {@code long} value is
 *       clearly insufficient to hold all hash code values, this API represents a hash code as an

 *       byte sequences under the covers.
 *   <li><b>hash code:</b> each hash function always yields hash codes of the same fixed bit length
 *       (given by {@link #bits}). For example, {@link Hashing#sha1} produces a 160-bit number,
 *       while {@link Hashing#murmur3_32()} yields only 32 bits. Because a {@code long} value is
 *       clearly insufficient to hold all hash code values, this API represents a hash code as an

# Modelos de Parâmetros de Consulta { #query-parameter-models }

Se você possui um grupo de **parâmetros de consultas** que são relacionados, você pode criar um **modelo Pydantic** para declará-los.

Isso permitiria que você **reutilizasse o modelo** em **diversos lugares**, e também declarasse validações e metadados de todos os parâmetros de uma única vez. 😎

/// note | Nota

Isso é suportado desde o FastAPI versão `0.115.0`. 🤓

///

///

## Verdopplung vermeiden { #reduce-duplication }

Die Reduzierung von Code-Verdoppelung ist eine der Kernideen von **FastAPI**.

Da die Verdopplung von Code die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Fehlern, Sicherheitsproblemen, Problemen mit der Desynchronisation des Codes (wenn Sie an einer Stelle, aber nicht an der anderen aktualisieren) usw. erhöht.

                Arguments.of(NbtException.ERR_NAM_SRVC, NbtException.SRV_ERR, "ERR_NAM_SRVC/Unknown error code: 2"),
                Arguments.of(NbtException.ERR_NAM_SRVC, NbtException.IMP_ERR, "ERR_NAM_SRVC/Unknown error code: 4"),
                Arguments.of(NbtException.ERR_NAM_SRVC, NbtException.RFS_ERR, "ERR_NAM_SRVC/Unknown error code: 5"),