// which means they are treated as pairs of safe characters).
    builder.setSafeRange(Character.MIN_VALUE, '\uFFFD');
    // Unsafe characters are replaced with the Unicode replacement character.
    builder.setUnsafeReplacement("\uFFFD");

    /*
     * Except for \n, \t, and \r, all ASCII control characters are replaced with the Unicode
     * replacement character.
     *

 * <td>bytes</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * <td>bytes, characters</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th>{@link Reader}</th>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th>{@link File}</th>
 * <td>bytes</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * <td>bytes, characters</td>
 * <td>characters</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>

> **This list is non exhaustive, it depends on the operating system and filesystem under use - please consult your operating system vendor for a more comprehensive list of special characters**.

   * generalized escaping for characters.
   *
   * <p>Note that arrays returned by this method must not be modified once they have been returned.
   * However it is acceptable to return the same array multiple times (even for different input
   * characters).
   *
   * @param c the character to escape
   * @return the replacement characters, or {@code null} if no escaping was required
   */

        // Test toString with buffer containing non-printable characters or special unicode
        String unicodeChars = "你好世界"; // "Hello World" in Chinese
        UnicodeString unicodeStringChinese = new UnicodeString(unicodeChars, false);
        assertEquals(unicodeChars, unicodeStringChinese.toString(), "toString should handle unicode characters correctly");

    // Empty
    assertWellFormed();
    // One-byte characters, including control characters
    assertWellFormed(0x00, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x7F); // "\u0000abc\u007f"
    // Two-byte characters
    assertWellFormed(0xC2, 0xA2, 0xC2, 0xA2); // "\u00a2\u00a2"
    // Three-byte characters
    assertWellFormed(0xc8, 0x8a, 0x63, 0xc8, 0x8a, 0x63); // "\u020ac\u020ac"
    // Four-byte characters
    // "\u024B62\u024B62"

                val >>>= 4;
            }
            size--;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a long value to hexadecimal characters and writes them to the specified character array.
     *
     * @param val the long value to convert to hexadecimal characters
     * @param dst the destination character array to write the hex digits into
     * @param dstIndex the starting index in the destination array

  private final byte[] singleByte = new byte[1];

  /**
   * charBuffer holds characters that have been read from the Reader but not encoded yet. The buffer
   * is perpetually "flipped" (unencoded characters between position and limit).
   */
  private CharBuffer charBuffer;

  /**
   * byteBuffer holds encoded characters that have not yet been sent to the caller of the input

 * href="http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#BMP_character">BMP characters</a>. It does not understand
 * <a href="http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#supplementary_code_point">supplementary Unicode code
 * points</a> in the range {@code 0x10000} to {@code 0x10FFFF} which includes the majority of
 * assigned characters, including important CJK characters and emoji.
 *
 * <p>Supplementary characters are <a

        // Test with Unicode characters in message
        String message = "LDAP設定エラー: 接続失敗 🚫 ñ é ü ß";
        LdapConfigurationException exception = new LdapConfigurationException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_newlineCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test with newline characters in message