}
            System.arraycopy(Strings.getUNIBytes(str), 0, dst, dstIndex, str.length() * 2);
            dstIndex += str.length() * 2;
            dst[dstIndex] = (byte) '\0';
            dstIndex++;
            dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) '\0';
        } else {
            final byte[] b = Strings.getOEMBytes(str, this.getConfig());
            System.arraycopy(b, 0, dst, dstIndex, b.length);

   *
   * {@snippet :
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(toImmutableListMultimap(str -> str.charAt(0), str -> str.substring(1)));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<Character, String>()

        byte[] buf = new byte[12];
        buf[0] = 0x00;
        buf[1] = 0x02; // count = 512 in little-endian
        resp.readParameterWordsWireFormat(buf, 0);
        String str = resp.toString();
        assertTrue(str.contains("count=512"), "toString should include numeric count");
    }

    @Test
    public void testReturnFromReadParameterWordsWireFormatIs8() {
        // ensure the method returns 8 as claimed

В данном примере она преобразует Pydantic модель в `dict`, а `datetime` - в `str`.

Результатом её вызова является объект, который может быть закодирован с помощью функции из стандартной библиотеки Python – <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps" class="external-link" target="_blank">`json.dumps()`</a>.

Your response model could have default values, like:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (or `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) has a default of `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` has a default of an empty list: `[]`.

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

Seu modelo de resposta pode ter valores padrão, como:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (ou `str | None = None` no Python 3.10) tem um padrão de `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` tem um padrão de `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` tem um padrão de uma lista vazia: `[]`.

mas você pode querer omiti-los do resultado se eles não foram realmente armazenados.

        return groupId + ":" + artifactId + ":" + version;
    }

    private static void notBlank(String str, String message) {
        final int strLen = str != null ? str.length() : 0;
        if (strLen > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
                if (!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

}

func TestWriter(t *testing.T) {
	type (
		testHeader struct { // WriteHeader(hdr) == wantErr
			hdr     Header
			wantErr error
		}
		testWrite struct { // Write(str) == (wantCnt, wantErr)
			str     string
			wantCnt int
			wantErr error
		}
		testReadFrom struct { // ReadFrom(testFile{ops}) == (wantCnt, wantErr)
			ops     fileOps
			wantCnt int64
			wantErr error
		}

        final MyBean myBean = new MyBean();
        final BeanDesc beanDesc = new BeanDescImpl(MyBean.class);
        final PropertyDesc propDesc = beanDesc.getPropertyDesc("str");
        propDesc.setValue(myBean, Integer.valueOf(1));
        assertThat(myBean.str, is("1"));
    }

    /**
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetNullToString() throws Exception {

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")