}

  private static void testReverse(int[] input, int[] expectedOutput) {
    input = Arrays.copyOf(input, input.length);
    Ints.reverse(input);
    assertThat(input).isEqualTo(expectedOutput);
  }

  private static void testReverse(int[] input, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int[] expectedOutput) {
    input = Arrays.copyOf(input, input.length);
    Ints.reverse(input, fromIndex, toIndex);

  }

  private static void testReverse(byte[] input, byte[] expectedOutput) {
    input = Arrays.copyOf(input, input.length);
    Bytes.reverse(input);
    assertThat(input).isEqualTo(expectedOutput);
  }

  private static void testReverse(byte[] input, int fromIndex, int toIndex, byte[] expectedOutput) {
    input = Arrays.copyOf(input, input.length);
    Bytes.reverse(input, fromIndex, toIndex);

        // Test all special characters
        String input = "Test & < > \"quote\" 'apos'";
        String expected = "Test &amp; &lt; &gt; &quot;quote&quot; &apos;apos&apos;";
        assertEquals(expected, XmlUtil.escapeXml(input));
    }

    public void test_escapeXml_noSpecialChars() {
        // Test string without special characters
        String input = "Simple text without special characters";

	readCloser   io.ReadCloser          // raw input
	buf          *bufio.Reader          // input to the splitter
	columnNames  []string               // names of columns
	nameIndexMap map[string]int64       // name to column index
	current      [][]string             // current block of results to be returned
	recordsRead  int                    // number of records read in current slice
	input        chan *queueItem        // input for workers

classes into new ones for easier\n// manipulation.\n\n.input-group-lg > .form-control,\n.input-group-lg > .form-select,\n.input-group-lg > .input-group-text,\n.input-group-lg > .btn {\n  padding: $input-padding-y-lg $input-padding-x-lg;\n  @include font-size($input-font-size-lg);\n  @include border-radius($input-border-radius-lg);\n}\n\n.input-group-sm > .form-control,\n.input-group-sm > .form-select,\n.input-group-sm > .input-group-text,\n.input-group-sm > .btn {\n  padding: $input-padding-y-sm $i...

Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:7] hl[7] *}

### Model for Input { #model-for-input }

If you use this model as an input like here:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:15] hl[14] *}

                "loc": ["body", 0, "name"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": {"age": "five"},
            },
            {
                "type": "decimal_parsing",
                "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
                "msg": "Input should be a valid decimal",
                "input": "five",
            },
            {
                "type": "missing",

    @Override
    public Metadata read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        return read(Files.newInputStream(input.toPath()), options);
    }

    @Override
    public Metadata read(Reader input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        try (Reader in = input) {

public class DefaultSettingsReader implements SettingsReader {

    @Override
    public Settings read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(input.toPath())) {
            InputSource source = InputSource.of(input.toString());
            return new Settings(new SettingsStaxReader().read(in, isStrict(options), source));

    @ValueSource(strings = { "", "a", "short", "medium length text", "very long text that exceeds typical block sizes" })
    @DisplayName("Should handle various input sizes for hashing")
    void testHashVariousInputSizes(String input) {
        // Given
        byte[] data = input.getBytes();

        // When
        MessageDigest md4 = Crypto.getMD4();
        MessageDigest md5 = Crypto.getMD5();