Und wenn Sie ein `response_model` deklariert haben, wird es weiterhin zum Filtern und Konvertieren des von Ihnen zurückgegebenen Objekts verwendet.

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial001_01_py39 import app

client = TestClient(
    app,
    base_url="https://example.com",
    follow_redirects=False,
)


def test_redirect() -> None:
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 307
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://example.com/items/"


def test_no_redirect() -> None:

from typing import Any

from fastapi.params import Body, Cookie, Header, Param, Path, Query

test_data: list[Any] = ["teststr", None, ..., 1, []]


def get_user():
    return {}  # pragma: no cover


def test_param_repr_str():
    assert repr(Param("teststr")) == "Param(teststr)"


def test_param_repr_none():
    assert repr(Param(None)) == "Param(None)"


def test_param_repr_ellipsis():

# パスパラメータと数値の検証

クエリパラメータに対して`Query`でより多くのバリデーションとメタデータを宣言できるのと同じように、パスパラメータに対しても`Path`で同じ種類のバリデーションとメタデータを宣言することができます。

## Pathのインポート

まず初めに、`fastapi`から`Path`をインポートします:

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py hl[1] *}

## メタデータの宣言

パラメータは`Query`と同じものを宣言することができます。

例えば、パスパラメータ`item_id`に対して`title`のメタデータを宣言するには以下のようにします:

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py hl[8] *}

Projeniz için ilginç ve yararlı görünen bir şey varsa devam edin ve inceleyin, aksi halde bunları atlayabilirsiniz.

/// tip | İpucu

**FastAPI**'ı düzgün (ve önerilen) şekilde öğrenmek istiyorsanız [Öğretici - Kullanıcı Rehberi](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}'ni bölüm bölüm okuyun.

# Middleware { #middleware }

You can add middleware to **FastAPI** applications.

A "middleware" is a function that works with every **request** before it is processed by any specific *path operation*. And also with every **response** before returning it.

* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.

This will help us inside of the function with all the completion and type checks.

/// tip

You might remember that request bodies are also declared with Pydantic models.

Here **FastAPI** won't get confused because you are using `Depends`.

///

/// check

The way this dependency system is designed allows us to have different dependencies (different "dependables") that all return a `User` model.

/// tip | Tipp

Sie erinnern sich vielleicht, dass <abbr title="Anfragekörper">Requestbodys</abbr> ebenfalls mit Pydantic-Modellen deklariert werden.

Weil Sie `Depends` verwenden, wird **FastAPI** hier aber nicht verwirrt.

///

/// check | Testen

В таком случае вы можете отключить эту функциональность в FastAPI с помощью параметра `separate_input_output_schemas=False`.

/// info | Информация

Поддержка `separate_input_output_schemas` появилась в FastAPI `0.102.0`. 🤓

///

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py310.py hl[10] *}

from typing import Optional, Union

import pytest
from fastapi.openapi.models import Schema, SchemaType


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "type_value",
    [
        "array",
        ["string", "null"],
        None,
    ],
)
def test_allowed_schema_type(
    type_value: Optional[Union[SchemaType, list[SchemaType]]],
) -> None:
    """Test that Schema accepts SchemaType, List[SchemaType] and None for type field."""