```Python hl_lines="1  7-12  19-20"
{!../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
```

{* ../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py hl[6] *}

`201` ist der Statuscode für „Created“ („Erzeugt“).

Aber Sie müssen sich nicht daran erinnern, welcher dieser Codes was bedeutet.

Sie können die Hilfsvariablen von `fastapi.status` verwenden.

{* ../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py hl[1,6] *}

```Python hl_lines="6"
{!../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!}
```

`201` – это код статуса "Создано".

Но вам не обязательно запоминать, что означает каждый из этих кодов.

Для удобства вы можете использовать переменные из `fastapi.status`.

```Python hl_lines="1  6"
{!../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!}
```

But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> the same way:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py hl[1,7:12,19:20] *}

<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Resolved absolute path <font color="#75507B">/home/user/code/awesomeapp/</font><font color="#AD7FA8">main.py</font>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Searching for package file structure from directories with <font color="#3465A4">__init__.py</font> files

Você pode usar o mesmo `TestClient` para testar WebSockets.

Para isso, você utiliza o `TestClient` dentro de uma instrução `with`, conectando com o WebSocket:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note | "Nota"

Para mais detalhes, confira a documentação do Starlette para <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testar WebSockets</a>.

```Python hl_lines="1  3  12-16"
{!../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
```

Note que os parâmetros dentro da função tem seu tipo de dados natural, e você pode, por exemplo, realizar manipulações normais de data, como:

```Python hl_lines="18-19"
{!../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}

Here we are including it in the message just for demonstration purposes.

{* ../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001.py hl[8] *}

Then, if you start Uvicorn with:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ fastapi run main.py --root-path /api/v1

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

</div>

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="7-9  12-13  16-17  21"
{!> ../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9-11  14-15  18  19  23"
{!> ../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

```Python hl_lines="5  26"
{!../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

### 创建回调*路径操作*

创建回调*路径操作*也使用之前创建的 `APIRouter`。

它看起来和常规 FastAPI *路径操作*差不多：

* 声明要接收的请求体，例如，`body: InvoiceEvent`
* 还要声明要返回的响应，例如，`response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`

```Python hl_lines="17-19  22-23  29-33"
{!../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

回调*路径操作*与常规*路径操作*有两点主要区别：