{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

У цьому прикладі вона конвертує модель Pydantic у `dict`, а `datetime` у `str`.

Результат виклику цієї функції — це щось, що можна кодувати з використанням стандарту Python [`json.dumps()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps).

		{".txt,.log", []string{".txt", ".log"}, true},
		{"text/*,application/json", []string{"text/*", "application/json"}, true},
	}

	for _, testCase := range testCases {
		t.Run(testCase.str, func(t *testing.T) {
			gotPatterns, err := parseCompressIncludes(testCase.str)
			if !testCase.success && err == nil {
				t.Error("expected failure but success instead")
			}
			if testCase.success && err != nil {

    "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"},
}

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: str
    description: str | None = None


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header()):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")

    def api_route(
        self,
        path: str,
        *,
        response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: int | None = None,
        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
        summary: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",

@app.post("/form-json-list")
def form_json_list(items: Annotated[Json[list[str]], Form()]) -> list[str]:
    return items


@app.get("/query-json-list")
def query_json_list(items: Annotated[Json[list[str]], Query()]) -> list[str]:
    return items


@app.get("/header-json-list")
def header_json_list(x_items: Annotated[Json[list[str]], Header()]) -> list[str]:
    return x_items


@app.get("/cookie-json-list")

        PacDataInputStream pdis = createInputStream(data);
        PacUnicodeString str = pdis.readUnicodeString();
        assertEquals(4, str.getLength());
        assertEquals(4, str.getMaxLength());
        assertEquals(0x1234, str.getPointer());
    }

    @Test
    public void testReadUnicodeStringMalformed() throws IOException {
        // length > maxLength

    "management.md",
]


@lru_cache
def get_missing_translation_content(docs_dir: str) -> str:
    docs_dir_path = Path(docs_dir)
    missing_translation_path = docs_dir_path.parent.parent / "missing-translation.md"
    return missing_translation_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")


@lru_cache
def get_translation_banner_content(docs_dir: str) -> str:
    docs_dir_path = Path(docs_dir)

def fake_hash_password(password: str):
    return "fakehashed" + password


oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


def get_user(db, username: str):
    if username in db:

Por exemplo, você poderia declarar que algo pode ser `str` ou `None`:

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

O `typing` também tem um atalho para declarar que algo pode ser `None`, com `Optional`.

from typing import Any


def get_body_model_name(openapi: dict[str, Any], path: str) -> str:
    body = openapi["paths"][path]["post"]["requestBody"]
    body_schema = body["content"]["application/x-www-form-urlencoded"]["schema"]