* </ul>
 *
 * The last point is subtle. Often the observable object will be managing its own internal state
 * using a lock, however it is dangerous to dispatch listeners while holding a lock because they
 * might run on the {@code directExecutor()} or be otherwise re-entrant (call back into your
 * object). So it is important to not call {@link #dispatch} while holding any locks. This is why

    } catch (AssertionFailedError expected) {
      return;
    }
    fail("Should have failed");
  }

  /** An interface for the 2 ways that a chaining call might be defined. */
  private interface ChainingCalls {
    // A method that is defined to 'return this'
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    ChainingCalls chainingCall();

   * {@code Monitor}. The monitor may check the guard at arbitrary times from any thread occupying
   * the monitor, so code should not be written to rely on how often a guard might or might not be
   * checked.
   *
   * <p>If a {@code Guard} is passed into any method of a {@code Monitor} other than the one it is
   * associated with, an {@link IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
   *

    // Test appendException method with IOException during processing
    public void test_appendException_ioExceptionDuringProcessing() {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
        // Create an exception that might cause issues during processing
        Exception exception = new Exception() {
            @Override
            public void printStackTrace(java.io.PrintWriter writer) {
                // Simulate a normal stack trace output

        } catch (e: InterruptedException) {
          throw InterruptedIOException()
        }
      }
    }

  companion object {
    /** A large response body. Smaller bodies might successfully read after the socket is closed!  */
    private val BIG_ENOUGH_BODY = repeat('a', 64 * 1024)
  }

      boolean isPossibleChainingCall = interfaceType.isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType());
      try {
        Object actualReturnValue = method.invoke(wrapper, passedArgs);
        // If we think this might be a 'chaining' call then we allow the return value to either
        // be the wrapper or the returnValue.
        if (!isPossibleChainingCall || wrapper != actualReturnValue) {
          assertEquals(

				// Subsequent reads will reuse this buffer.
				p.buf[bufIdx] = make([]byte, p.shardSize)
			}
			// For the last shard, the shardsize might be less than previous shard sizes.
			// Hence the following statement ensures that the buffer size is reset to the right size.
			p.buf[bufIdx] = p.buf[bufIdx][:p.shardSize]
			n, err := rr.ReadAt(p.buf[bufIdx], p.offset)
			if err != nil {
				switch {

  private final transient int size;

  /*
   * We have some considerable complexity in these create methods because of
   * Builder.buildKeepingLast(). The same Builder might be called with buildKeepingLast() and then
   * buildOrThrow(), or vice versa. So in particular, if we modify alternatingKeysAndValues to
   * eliminate duplicate keys (for buildKeepingLast()) then we have to ensure that a later call to

           * go out of date (for a collection like CopyOnWriteArrayList, which may have been safely
           * modified concurrently), or it might have been only an estimate to begin with (for a
           * collection like ConcurrentHashMap, which sums up several counters that may not be in
           * sync with one another). We accommodate that by resizing as necessary.

      boolean isPossibleChainingCall = interfaceType.isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType());
      try {
        Object actualReturnValue = method.invoke(wrapper, passedArgs);
        // If we think this might be a 'chaining' call then we allow the return value to either
        // be the wrapper or the returnValue.
        if (!isPossibleChainingCall || wrapper != actualReturnValue) {
          assertEquals(