assert response.headers["Content-Encoding"] == "gzip"
    assert int(response.headers["Content-Length"]) < 4000
    response = client.get("/")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal", response_model=None)
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response | dict:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

client = TestClient(app, root_path="/api/v1")


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    }


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/{item_id}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

client = TestClient(app)


def test_items():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [{"name": "Foo"}]


def test_get_openapi_json_default_url():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/api/v1/openapi.json")

{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."}

```

/// note | 技术细节

`from starlette.requests import Request` 和 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` 也可以用于导入 `Request` 和 `JSONResponse`。

**FastAPI** 提供了与 `starlette.responses` 相同的 `fastapi.responses` 作为快捷方式，但大部分响应操作都可以直接从 Starlette 导入。同理，`Request` 也是如此。

///

## 覆盖默认异常处理器

**FastAPI** 自带了一些默认异常处理器。

/**
 * Wrapper for HTTP servlet responses in web API context.
 * This class extends HttpServletResponseWrapper to provide custom response handling
 * for web API responses, including dummy output stream management.
 */
public class WebApiResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {

    /**
     * Constructs a WebApiResponse with the specified response.
     *
     * @param response The original HTTP servlet response
     */

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_custom_response():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.text == "Hello World"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

### Agregar algunos `tags`, `responses`, y `dependencies` personalizados { #add-some-custom-tags-responses-and-dependencies }

No estamos agregando el prefijo `/items` ni los `tags=["items"]` a cada *path operation* porque los hemos añadido al `APIRouter`.

Pero aún podemos agregar _más_ `tags` que se aplicarán a una *path operation* específica, y también algunas `responses` extra específicas para esa *path operation*: