# Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks`

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution of background tasks after the response is sent.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import BackgroundTasks
```

# Response Headers

## Usa un parámetro `Response`

Puedes declarar un parámetro de tipo `Response` en tu *función de path operation* (como puedes hacer para cookies).

Y luego puedes establecer headers en ese objeto de response *temporal*.

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py hl[1, 7:8] *}

Y luego puedes devolver cualquier objeto que necesites, como harías normalmente (un `dict`, un modelo de base de datos, etc).

To use, first add this library as a test dependency:

```
testImplementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:mockwebserver3-junit4:5.1.0")
```

Then in tests annotated `@org.junit.Test`, you may declare a field with the `@Rule` annotation:

```
@Rule public final MockWebServerRule serverRule = new MockWebServerRule();
```

The `serverRule` field has a `server` field. It is an instance of `MockWebServer`. That instance

## Dependencias con parámetros

Todas las dependencias que hemos visto son una función o clase fija.

Pero podría haber casos en los que quieras poder establecer parámetros en la dependencia, sin tener que declarar muchas funciones o clases diferentes.

Imaginemos que queremos tener una dependencia que revise si el parámetro de query `q` contiene algún contenido fijo.

Pero queremos poder parametrizar ese contenido fijo.

En OpenAPI (por ejemplo, en la documentación de la API), puedes definir "esquemas de seguridad".

Cuando uno de estos esquemas de seguridad usa OAuth2, también puedes declarar y usar scopes.

Cada "scope" es solo un string (sin espacios).

Normalmente se utilizan para declarar permisos de seguridad específicos, por ejemplo:

* `users:read` o `users:write` son ejemplos comunes.
* `instagram_basic` es usado por Facebook / Instagram.

# `Request` class

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

/// tip

  @J2ktIncompatible // Incompatible return type change. Use inherited implementation
  public Object[] toArray() {
    /*
     * If we could, we'd declare the no-arg `Collection.toArray()` to return "Object[] but elements
     * have the same nullness as E." Since we can't, we declare it to return nullable elements, and
     * we can override it in our non-null-guaranteeing subtypes to present a better signature to
     * their users.
     *

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;

/**
 * Hidden superclass of {@link Futures} that provides us a place to declare special GWT versions of
 * the {@link Futures#catching(ListenableFuture, Class, com.google.common.base.Function,
 * java.util.concurrent.Executor) Futures.catching} family of methods. Those versions have slightly

# Security Tools

When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use `Security()`.

But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`.

There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.

          // Since this is an artificially generated type variable, we don't bother checking
          // subtyping between declared type bound and actual type bound. So it's possible that we
          // may generate something like <capture#1-of ? extends Foo&SubFoo>.
          // Checking subtype between declared and actual type bounds
          // adds recursive isSubtypeOf() call and feels complicated.