## HTTPS для разработчиков { #https-for-developers }

Ниже приведён пример того, как может выглядеть HTTPS‑API, шаг за шагом, с акцентом на идеях, важных для разработчиков.

### Имя домена { #domain-name }

Чаще всего всё начинается с **приобретения** **имени домена**. Затем вы настраиваете его на DNS‑сервере (возможно, у того же облачного провайдера).

    assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
    iterator.next();
    assertNextThrows(iterator);
  }

  private void assertNextThrows(Iterator<?> iterator) {
    try {
      iterator.next();
      fail();
    } catch (ThrowsAtEndException expected) {
    }
  }

FastAPI 依賴 Pydantic 與 Starlette。

### `standard` 依賴套件 { #standard-dependencies }

當你以 `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` 安裝 FastAPI 時，會包含 `standard` 這組可選依賴套件：

Pydantic 會使用：

* [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) - 用於電子郵件驗證。

Starlette 會使用：

* [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org) - 若要使用 `TestClient` 必須安裝。
* [`jinja2`](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com) - 若要使用預設的模板設定必須安裝。

		closeBitrotReaders(bitrotReaders)
		if err != nil && !test.shouldFail {
			t.Errorf("Test %d: should pass but failed with: %v", i, err)
		}
		if err == nil && test.shouldFail {
			t.Errorf("Test %d: should fail but it passed", i)
		}
		if err == nil {
			if content := writer.Bytes(); !bytes.Equal(content, data[test.offset:test.offset+test.length]) {
				t.Errorf("Test %d: read returns wrong file content.", i)
			}
		}

    * Minimum ve maksimum uzunlukları tanımlanan String (`str`) alanları.
    * Min ve max değerleri olan sayılar (`int`, `float`) vb.

* Daha “egzotik” tipler için doğrulama:
    * URL.
    * Email.
    * UUID.
    * ...ve diğerleri.

Tüm doğrulama köklü ve sağlam **Pydantic** tarafından yapılır.

### Güvenlik ve Kimlik Doğrulama { #security-and-authentication }

   * response code like 404 or 500.
   *
   * @throws IOException if the request could not be executed due to cancellation, a connectivity
   *     problem or timeout. Because networks can fail during an exchange, it is possible that the
   *     remote server accepted the request before the failure.
   * @throws IllegalStateException when the call has already been executed.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)

 * New: Use ALPN on Android platforms that support it (4.4+)
 * New: CacheControl model and parser.
 * New: Protocol selection in MockWebServer.
 * Fix: Route selection shouldn't use TLS modes that we know will fail.
 * Fix: Cache SPDY responses even if the response body is closed prematurely.
 * Fix: Use strict timeouts when aborting a download.
 * Fix: Support Shoutcast HTTP responses like `ICY 200 OK`.

    // is that the ClassLoader of this test is a URLClassLoader, and that it loads FRQ itself
    // rather than delegating to a parent ClassLoader. If this assumption is violated the test will
    // fail and will need to be rewritten.

    Class<?> frqC = FinalizableReferenceQueue.class;
    Class<?> sepFrqC = sepLoader.loadClass(frqC.getName());
    assertThat(frqC).isNotSameInstanceAs(sepFrqC);

  }

  private void expectThrows(Target target) {
    try {
      collection.retainAll(target.toRetain);
      String message = Platform.format("retainAll(%s) should throw", target);
      fail(message);
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
    }
  }

  private void expectReturnsFalseOrThrows(Target target) {

        assertEquals(1.0, stats.successRate);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test circuit opens after failure threshold")
    void testCircuitOpensAfterThreshold() {
        // Fail 3 times to open the circuit
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            try {
                circuitBreaker.call(() -> {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Test failure");
                });