{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str | None = None
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/next", response_model=Item)
async def read_next_item():
    return {
        "name": "Island In The Moon",
        "price": 12.99,

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import needs_py310


class Dep:
    def __call__(self, request: Request):
        return "test"


@needs_py310
def test_stringified_annotations():
    app = FastAPI()

    client = TestClient(app)

    @app.get("/test/")

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Hinweis

Weitere Informationen finden Sie in Starlettes Dokumentation zum <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">Testen von WebSockets</a>.

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[
                {

java {
    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}

testing {
    suites {
        val test by getting(JvmTestSuite::class) {
            useSpock()
            dependencies {
                implementation(platform("gradlebuild:build-platform"))
            }
        }
    }

/**
 * Test cases for {@link AbstractIntervalController}
 *
 * @author shinsuke
 */
public class AbstractIntervalControllerTest extends PlainTestCase {

    /**
     * Test implementation of AbstractIntervalController for testing
     */
    private static class TestIntervalController extends AbstractIntervalController {
        int beforeProcessingCount = 0;
        int afterProcessingCount = 0;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;

/**
 * Pager class for web configuration settings.
 * Provides pagination functionality and search criteria for web configuration listings.
 */
public class WebConfigPager implements Serializable {

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public WebConfigPager() {
        // Default constructor