## Pydantic `Settings` { #pydantic-settings }

Felizmente, o Pydantic fornece uma ótima utilidade para lidar com essas configurações vindas de variáveis de ambiente com [Pydantic: Settings management](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/).

### Instalar `pydantic-settings` { #install-pydantic-settings }

# Тестирование { #testing }

Благодаря [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/), тестировать приложения **FastAPI** легко и приятно.

Тестирование основано на библиотеке [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org), которая в свою очередь основана на библиотеке Requests, так что все действия знакомы и интуитивно понятны.

Используя эти инструменты, Вы можете напрямую задействовать [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) с **FastAPI**.

{* ../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py310/main.py hl[17,19:21] *}

### Ayarlar ve test { #settings-and-testing }

Ardından, `get_settings` için bir dependency override oluşturarak test sırasında farklı bir settings nesnesi sağlamak çok kolay olur:

{* ../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py310/test_main.py hl[9:10,13,21] *}

Rene Groeschke <******@****.***> 1622539170 +0200

  // destroy an instance of this class.
  virtual void Release() = 0;

  // Creates an operation builder and ties it to this context.
  // The returned object can be used for setting operation's attributes,
  // adding inputs and finally executing (immediately or lazily as in tracing)
  // it in this context.
  virtual AbstractOperation* CreateOperation() = 0;

Yuri Schimke <******@****.***> 1770157079 +0000

<module>
<source path="">
  <!-- Hack to keep collect from hiding collect.testing supersource: -->
  <exclude name="**/testing/**"/>
</source>

<!--
    We used to set this only for packages that had manual supersource. That
    worked everywhere that I know of except for one place: when running the GWT
    util.concurrent tests under Guava.

    The problem is that GWT responds poorly to two .gwt.xml files in the same
    Java package; see

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

# Tester les événements : lifespan et startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

Lorsque vous avez besoin d'exécuter `lifespan` dans vos tests, vous pouvez utiliser `TestClient` avec une instruction `with` :

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

# Probando WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

Puedes usar el mismo `TestClient` para probar WebSockets.

Para esto, usas el `TestClient` en un statement `with`, conectándote al WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Nota

Para más detalles, revisa la documentación de Starlette sobre [probar WebSockets](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions).