- [IPv4/IPv6 Dual-stack Networking graduates to GA](#ipv4ipv6-dual-stack-networking-graduates-to-ga)
    - [HorizontalPodAutoscaler v2 graduates to GA](#horizontalpodautoscaler-v2-graduates-to-ga)
    - [Generic Ephemeral Volume feature graduates to GA](#generic-ephemeral-volume-feature-graduates-to-ga)
    - [Skip Volume Ownership change graduates to GA](#skip-volume-ownership-change-graduates-to-ga)

```

`Optional[str]`을 `str` 대신 쓰게 되면, 특정 값이 실제로는 `None`이 될 수도 있는데 항상 `str`이라고 가정하는 상황에서 에디터가 에러를 찾게 도와줄 수 있습니다.

#### Generic(제네릭) 타입

이 타입은 대괄호 안에 매개변수를 가지며, 종류는:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...등등

위와 같은 타입은 **Generic(제네릭) 타입** 혹은 **Generics(제네릭스)**라고 불립니다.

### 타입으로서의 클래스

변수의 타입으로 클래스를 선언할 수도 있습니다.

이름(name)을 가진 `Person` 클래스가 있다고 해봅시다.

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature;
import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests {@code clear()} operations on a map. Can't be invoked directly;
 * please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.MapTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 * @author Chris Povirk

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> The returned map's values are guaranteed to be of type {@link List}. To obtain
   * this map with the more specific generic type {@code Map<K, List<V>>}, call {@link
   * Multimaps#asMap(ListMultimap)} instead.
   */
  @Override
  Map<K, Collection<V>> asMap();

  /**
   * Compares the specified object to this multimap for equality.

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests {@code putIfAbsent} operations on a concurrent map. Can't be
 * invoked directly; please see {@link
 * com.google.common.collect.testing.ConcurrentMapTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> The returned map's values are guaranteed to be of type {@link List}. To obtain
   * this map with the more specific generic type {@code Map<K, List<V>>}, call {@link
   * Multimaps#asMap(ListMultimap)} instead.
   */
  @Override
  Map<K, Collection<V>> asMap();

  /**
   * Compares the specified object to this multimap for equality.

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests creation (typically through a constructor or static factory
 * method) of a collection. Can't be invoked directly; please see {@link
 * com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *

import com.google.common.collect.testing.WrongType;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests {@code containsValue()} operations on a map. Can't be invoked
 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.MapTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche

import com.google.common.collect.testing.WrongType;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * A generic JUnit test which tests {@code contains()} operations on a collection. Can't be invoked
 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion

1020901 E MN09 Morningside Heights 3802 41 220 1 Manhattan 022000 1022000 E MN11 Central Harlem South 3803 3389527 2 2014-03-13 17:32:49 2014-03-13 17:39:48 N 1 -73.952896118164062 40.810546875 -73.954177856445313 40.800579071044922 1 0.73 5.5 1 0.5 0 0 7 2 1 166 41 green 0.00 0.0 0.0 32 18 14.09 1312 209.01 1 Manhattan 020901 1020901 E MN09 Morningside Heights 3802 1836 216 1 Manhattan 021600 1021600 E MN11 Central Harlem South 3803 3389528 2 2014-03-17 12:05:03 2014-03-17 12:09:49 N 1 -73.953781127929688...