/**
 * A {@link ValueGraph} whose elements and structural relationships will never change. Instances of
 * this class may be obtained with {@link #copyOf(ValueGraph)}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User's Guide's <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#immutable-implementations">discussion
 * of the {@code Immutable*} types</a> for more information on the properties and guarantees
 * provided by this class.
 *

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**

/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to the {@link Future} interface.
 *
 * <p>Many of these methods use the {@link ListenableFuture} API; consult the Guava User Guide
 * article on <a href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/ListenableFutureExplained">{@code
 * ListenableFuture}</a>.
 *
 * <p>The main purpose of {@code ListenableFuture} is to help you chain together a graph of

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Static convenience methods that serve the same purpose as Java language <a
 * href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/language/assert.html">assertions</a>,
 * except that they are always enabled. These methods should be used instead of Java assertions

/// note | Технические детали

В спецификации OpenAPI это называется <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#operation-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">Объект операции</a>.

///

/**
 * A {@link ValueGraph} whose elements and structural relationships will never change. Instances of
 * this class may be obtained with {@link #copyOf(ValueGraph)}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User's Guide's <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#immutable-implementations">discussion
 * of the {@code Immutable*} types</a> for more information on the properties and guarantees
 * provided by this class.
 *

## どう見えるか

まずはこのコードを使って、どう動くか観察します。その後で、何が起こっているのか理解しましょう。

## `main.py`を作成

`main.py`に、下記の例をコピーします:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py *}

## 実行

/// info | 情報

まず<a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>をインストールします。

例えば、`pip install python-multipart`。

これは、**OAuth2**が `ユーザー名` や `パスワード` を送信するために、「フォームデータ」を使うからです。

///

 * <i>if and only if</i> {@code a.equals(b)}. If this advice is not followed, the resulting
 * collection will not correctly obey its specification.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/ImmutableCollectionsExplained">immutable collections</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible // hasn't been tested yet

   * to remove() will incorrectly throw an IllegalStateException, instead of removing the last
   * element returned.
   *
   * <p>See <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-6529795">JDK-6529795</a>
   */
  static class IteratorWithJdkBug6529795<T> implements Iterator<T> {
    Iterator<T> iterator;
    boolean nextThrewException;

```

</div>

`fastapi` 命令列程式就是 **FastAPI CLI**。

FastAPI CLI 接收你的 Python 程式路徑（例如 `main.py`），並自動檢測 FastAPI 實例（通常命名為 `app`），確定正確的引入模組流程，然後運行該應用程式。

在生產環境，你應該使用 `fastapi run` 命令。 🚀

**FastAPI CLI** 內部使用了 <a href="https://www.uvicorn.dev" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>，這是一個高效能、適合生產環境的 ASGI 伺服器。 😎

## `fastapi dev`

執行 `fastapi dev` 會啟動開發模式。