//// tab | Python 3.9 і вище

```Python
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.10 і вище

```Python
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!}
```

////

/// info

Щоб дізнатись більше про <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic, перегляньте його документацію</a>.

///

Dieser Teil ist ziemlich normal, der größte Teil des Codes ist Ihnen wahrscheinlich bereits bekannt:

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7:11,34:51] *}

/// tip | Tipp

Der Query-Parameter `callback_url` verwendet einen Pydantic-<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Url</a>-Typ.

///

Und Sie erhalten volle Editor-Unterstützung für dieses Objekt.

Ein Beispiel aus der offiziellen Pydantic Dokumentation:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py *}

/// info | Info

Um mehr über <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic zu erfahren, schauen Sie sich dessen Dokumentation an</a>.

///

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003_py310.py hl[26] *}

В этом примере *операции пути*, объявленные в `router`, будут использовать пользовательский класс `TimedRoute` и получат дополнительный HTTP-заголовок `X-Response-Time` в ответе с временем, затраченным на формирование ответа:

**FastAPI** allows you to declare additional information and validation for your parameters.

Let's take this application as example:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7] *}

The query parameter `q` is of type `str | None`, that means that it's of type `str` but could also be `None`, and indeed, the default value is `None`, so FastAPI will know it's not required.

/// note

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from tests.utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial011_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial011_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial011_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial011_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003_py310.py hl[26] *}

En este ejemplo, las *path operations* bajo el `router` usarán la clase personalizada `TimedRoute`, y tendrán un header `X-Response-Time` extra en el response con el tiempo que tomó generar el response:

from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.response_model.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from tests.utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.custom_request_and_route.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)