## Pydantic Models for Input and Output { #pydantic-models-for-input-and-output }

Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:7] hl[7] *}

### Model for Input { #model-for-input }

If you use this model as an input like here:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:15] hl[14] *}

        result = lmhosts.getByName("TESTHOST", mockContext);
        assertNull(result);
    }

    @Test
    void testPopulateWithEmptyLines() throws Exception {
        // Create a temporary lmhosts file with empty lines
        File lmhostsFile = tempDir.resolve("lmhosts_empty").toFile();
        try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(lmhostsFile)) {
            writer.write("192.168.1.100 HOST1\n");
            writer.write("\n");

 * asynchronous operations. You can chain them together manually with calls to methods like {@link
 * Futures#transform(ListenableFuture, Function, Executor) Futures.transform}, but you will often
 * find it easier to use a framework. Frameworks automate the process, often adding features like
 * monitoring, debugging, and cancellation. Examples of frameworks include:
 *
 * <ul>

# Static Files - `StaticFiles`

You can use the `StaticFiles` class to serve static files, like JavaScript, CSS, images, etc.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.staticfiles`:

```python
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
```

		t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
	}

	if len(users) != 4 {
		t.Errorf("Four users should be found, instead found %d", len(users))
	}

	DB.Select("*").Where("name LIKE ?", "subquery%").Where("age >= (?)", DB.
		Select("AVG(age)").Table("users").Where("name LIKE ?", "subquery%")).Find(&users)

<abbr title="too long; didn't read"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>

If you are using third party libraries that tell you to call them with `await`, like:

```Python
results = await some_library()
```

Then, declare your *path operation functions* with `async def` like:

```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/')
async def read_results():
    results = await some_library()
    return results
```

/// note

{* ../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004_py39.py *}

//// tab | Node.js

```Javascript
{!> ../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js!}
```

////

With that, the operation IDs would be renamed from things like `items-get_items` to just `get_items`, that way the client generator can generate simpler method names.

 * Futures#transform(ListenableFuture, com.google.common.base.Function, Executor) Futures.transform}
 * (or {@link FluentFuture#transform(com.google.common.base.Function, Executor)
 * FluentFuture.transform}), but you will often find it easier to use a framework. Frameworks
 * automate the process, often adding features like monitoring, debugging, and cancellation.

     * @param externalRepositories The external (and already mirrored) repositories to merge into the result list, may
     *            be {@code null}.
     * @param request The project building request holding further settings like repository settings, must not be
     *            {@code null}.
     * @return The effective artifact repositories, never {@code null}.
     * @throws InvalidRepositoryException
     */

```

that would mean that you would use the versions `0.112.0` or above, but less than `0.113.0`, for example, a version `0.112.2` would still be accepted.

If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like `uv`, Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.

## Available versions { #available-versions }