* certificates are base64-encoded and appear each on their own line. The next line contains the
     * length of the local certificate chain. These certificates are also base64-encoded and appear
     * each on their own line. A length of -1 is used to encode a null array. The last line is
     * optional. If present, it contains the TLS version.
     */

	}
	return map[string]string{
		c.Type.String():       c.Encoded,
		xhttp.AmzChecksumType: c.Type.ObjType(),
	}
}

// Equal returns whether two checksum structs are equal in all their fields.
func (c *Checksum) Equal(s *Checksum) bool {
	if c == nil || s == nil {
		return c == s
	}
	return c.Type == s.Type &&
		c.Encoded == s.Encoded &&
		bytes.Equal(c.Raw, s.Raw) &&
		c.WantParts == s.WantParts
}

        vector.add(new DERTaggedObject(10, new DERSequence(authDataVector)));

        DERSequence sequence = new DERSequence(vector);
        byte[] encoded = new DERTaggedObject(false, BERTags.APPLICATION, 1, sequence).getEncoded();

        KerberosEncData encData = new KerberosEncData(encoded, Collections.emptyMap());

        assertEquals("TEST.REALM", encData.getUserRealm());
        assertEquals("testuser", encData.getUserPrincipalName());

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("byte[] ctor: top-level non-SEQUENCE triggers PACDecodingException (type mismatch)")
    void byteArrayConstructor_topLevelNotSequence_throws() throws Exception {
        // Arrange: Encoded INTEGER instead of SEQUENCE
        byte[] notASequence = new ASN1Integer(42).getEncoded();

        // Act + Assert
        assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(notASequence, null));
    }

This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.

  }
}

/**
 * Returns the certificate encoded in [PEM format][rfc_7468].
 *
 * [rfc_7468]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7468
 */
fun X509Certificate.certificatePem(): String =
  buildString {
    append("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n")
    encodeBase64Lines(encoded.toByteString())
    append("-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n")
  }

 UsesDataDir = 1 << 1
 InlineData  = 1 << 2
)
```

The "Metadata" section contains a single version, encoded in similar fashion as each version in the `Versions` array
of the previous version.

## Inline Data

Inline data is optional. If no inline data is present, it is encoded as 0 bytes.

| Entry               | Encoding                    | Content

// ContainsAny reports whether any of the UTF-8-encoded code points in chars are within b.
func ContainsAny(b []byte, chars string) bool {
	return IndexAny(b, chars) >= 0
}

// ContainsRune reports whether the rune is contained in the UTF-8-encoded byte slice b.
func ContainsRune(b []byte, r rune) bool {
	return IndexRune(b, r) >= 0
}

// ContainsFunc reports whether any of the UTF-8-encoded code points r within b satisfy f(r).

            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a URL using the specified character encoding.
     *
     * @param url the URL to encode
     * @param enc the character encoding to use
     * @return the encoded URL
     */
    protected String encodeUrl(final String url, final String enc) {

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | Technical Details

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.

But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. You'll read about handling files in the next chapter.