```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── main.py
```

In the file `main.py` you have your **FastAPI** app:


{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_a_py39/main.py *}

### Testing file { #testing-file }

Then you could have a file `test_main.py` with your tests. It could live on the same Python package (the same directory with a `__init__.py` file):

``` hl_lines="5"
.
├── app

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+ Alternative

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b_py39.py!}
```

////

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial001_an_py310.py ln[48:55] hl[51:52,54] *}

### Ler um Único Hero { #read-one-hero }

Podemos **ler** um único `Hero`.

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial001_an_py310.py ln[58:63] hl[60] *}

### Deletar um Hero { #delete-a-hero }

Também podemos **deletar** um `Hero`.

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial001_an_py310.py ln[66:73] hl[71] *}

Sie könnten beispielsweise eine Datei `config.py` haben mit:

{* ../../docs_src/settings/app01_py39/config.py *}

Und dann verwenden Sie diese in einer Datei `main.py`:

{* ../../docs_src/settings/app01_py39/main.py hl[3,11:13] *}

/// tip | Tipp

务必确保每个操作路径的 `operation_id` 都是唯一的。

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py hl[6] *}

### 使用 *路径操作函数* 的函数名作为 operationId

如果你想用你的 API 的函数名作为 `operationId` 的名字，你可以遍历一遍 API 的函数名，然后使用他们的 `APIRoute.name` 重写每个 *路径操作* 的 `operation_id`。

你应该在添加了所有 *路径操作* 之后执行此操作。

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py hl[2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,24] *}

/// tip

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[14,16] *}

Si ocurre una excepción, la `Request instance` aún estará en el alcance, así que podemos leer y hacer uso del request body cuando manejamos el error:

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[17:19] *}

## Clase personalizada `APIRoute` en un router { #custom-apiroute-class-in-a-router }

# Query Parameters { #query-parameters }

When you declare other function parameters that are not part of the path parameters, they are automatically interpreted as "query" parameters.

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001_py39.py hl[9] *}

The query is the set of key-value pairs that go after the `?` in a URL, separated by `&` characters.

For example, in the URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10
```

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py hl[9,11,16] *}

Obwohl unsere *Pfadoperation-Funktion* hier denselben `user` von der Eingabe zurückgibt, der das Passwort enthält:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py hl[24] *}

... haben wir deklariert, dass `response_model` das Modell `UserOut` ist, welches das Passwort nicht enthält:

## Add regular expressions { #add-regular-expressions }

You can define a <abbr title="A regular expression, regex or regexp is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern for strings.">regular expression</abbr> `pattern` that the parameter should match:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[11] *}

{* ../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001.py hl[1,15] *}

### `__name__ == "__main__"` 에 대하여

`__name__ == "__main__"`의 주요 목적은 다음과 같이 파일이 호출될 때 실행되는 일부 코드를 갖는 것입니다.

<div class="termy">

```console
$ python myapp.py
```

</div>

그러나 다음과 같이 다른 파일을 가져올 때는 호출되지 않습니다.

```Python
from myapp import app
```

#### 추가 세부사항

파일 이름이 `myapp.py`라고 가정해 보겠습니다.

다음과 같이 실행하면