import static com.google.common.testing.ReflectionFreeAssertThrows.assertThrows;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;

**FastAPI** weiß, dass es die Klasse `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (deklariert in einer Abhängigkeit) verwenden kann, um das Sicherheitsschema in OpenAPI zu definieren, da es von `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2` erbt, das wiederum von `fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase` erbt.

Alle Sicherheits-Werkzeuge, die in OpenAPI integriert sind (und die automatische API-Dokumentation), erben von `SecurityBase`, so weiß **FastAPI**, wie es sie in OpenAPI integrieren muss.

///

**FastAPI** 使用依赖项在 OpenAPI 概图（及 API 文档）中定义**安全方案**。

/// info | 技术细节

**FastAPI** 使用（在依赖项中声明的）类 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 在 OpenAPI 中定义安全方案，这是因为它继承自 `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`，而该类又是继承自`fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`。

所有与 OpenAPI（及 API 文档）集成的安全工具都继承自 `SecurityBase`， 这就是为什么 **FastAPI** 能把它们集成至 OpenAPI 的原因。

///

## 实现的操作

FastAPI 校验请求中的 `Authorization` 请求头，核对请求头的值是不是由 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌组成， 并返回令牌字符串（`str`）。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Base class for tests for emulated {@link AbstractFuture} that allow subclasses to swap in a
 * different "source Future" for {@link AbstractFuture#setFuture} calls.
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullUnmarked

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Converter;
import com.google.common.base.Equivalence;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps.EntryTransformer;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps.ValueDifferenceImpl;

      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes

      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes

    @DisplayName("Version Comparison")
    class VersionComparisonTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("should compare versions correctly")
        void shouldCompareVersionsCorrectly() {
            // Based on the actual implementation, it only handles specific cases
            assertTrue(ModelVersionUtils.isVersionGreaterOrEqual("4.1.0", "4.1.0"));
            assertFalse(ModelVersionUtils.isVersionGreaterOrEqual("4.0.0", "4.1.0"));

import org.codelibs.core.io.ResourceUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.lang.StringUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.Pair;
import org.codelibs.fess.Constants;
import org.codelibs.fess.annotation.Secured;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.base.FessAdminAction;
import org.codelibs.fess.exception.FessSystemException;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;
import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalEntity;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;

코드 중복은 버그, 보안 문제, 코드 비동기화 문제(한 곳은 업데이트되었지만 다른 곳은 업데이트되지 않는 문제) 등의 가능성을 증가시킵니다.

그리고 이 모델들은 많은 데이터를 공유하면서 속성 이름과 타입을 중복하고 있습니다.

더 나은 방법이 있습니다.

`UserBase` 모델을 선언하여 다른 모델들의 기본(base)으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 이 모델을 상속받아 속성과 타입 선언(유형 선언, 검증 등)을 상속하는 서브클래스를 만들 수 있습니다.

모든 데이터 변환, 검증, 문서화 등은 정상적으로 작동할 것입니다.

이렇게 하면 각 모델 간의 차이점만 선언할 수 있습니다(평문 `password`가 있는 경우, `hashed_password`만 있는 경우, 혹은 비밀번호가 없는 경우):