.put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

  public void testRemove_nullNotSupported() {
    try {
      assertFalse(
          "remove(null) should return false or throw NullPointerException",
          collection.remove(null));
    } catch (NullPointerException tolerated) {
    }
    expectUnchanged();
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require({SUPPORTS_REMOVE, ALLOWS_NULL_QUERIES})
  public void testRemove_nullAllowed() {

            NtlmChallenge nc = new NtlmChallenge(null, dc);

            // Hexdump.toHexString will throw NPE when accessing challenge.length
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, nc::toString);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("toString with null dc throws NPE")
        void testToStringWithNullDcThrowsNPE() {
            byte[] challenge = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 };

      // Returning successfully is not ideal, but tolerated.
    } catch (NullPointerException tolerated) {
    }
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testRemoveAll_nullCollectionReferenceNonEmptySubject() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> collection.removeAll(null));
  }

    @DisplayName("handleDFSReferral throws NPE on null reqPath")
    void handleDfsReferralNullPathThrows() {
        when(locator.handleDFSReferral(any(), isNull())).thenThrow(new NullPointerException("reqPath"));
        NullPointerException npe = assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> locator.handleDFSReferral(referral, null));
        assertTrue(npe.getMessage() == null || npe.getMessage().contains("reqPath"));

    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> multimap().putAll(source));
    expectUnchanged();
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(value = SUPPORTS_PUT, absent = ALLOWS_NULL_KEYS)
  public void testPutAllRejectsNullKey() {
    Multimap<K, V> source = getSubjectGenerator().create(mapEntry(null, v0()));
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> multimap().putAll(source));
    expectUnchanged();

   * java.util.List} or some other collection that preserves the order in which the exceptions got
   * added.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code exceptions} is null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code exceptions} is empty
   */
  static RuntimeException create(Collection<? extends Throwable> exceptions) {
    if (exceptions.size() == 0) {

    public void test_throwAndCatchWithCause() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception with cause
        String expectedMessage = "Job execution failed with error";
        Throwable expectedCause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        boolean exceptionCaught = false;

        try {
            throw new ScheduledJobException(expectedMessage, expectedCause);
        } catch (ScheduledJobException e) {