}

        // Validate buffer size to prevent overflow
        int bufferSize = SmbComTransaction.TRANSACTION_BUF_SIZE;
        if (bufferSize < 0 || bufferSize > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid buffer size: " + bufferSize);
        }

        return new byte[bufferSize];
    }

    static void getBuffers(final SmbComTransaction req, final SmbComTransactionResponse rsp) {

            // Add some padding
            for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
                dos.writeByte(0);
            }

            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new PACDecodingException("Failed to create test data", e);
        }
    }

    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @throws SMBProtocolDecodingException
     *             if the response data is malformed
     *
     * @see jcifs.internal.smb2.ServerMessageBlock2#readBytesWireFormat(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    protected int readBytesWireFormat(final byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        final int start = bufferIndex;

        ensureInitialized();
        return new DisniMemoryRegion(buffer, access, endpoint);
    }

    /**
     * Initialize DiSNI components if not already initialized
     *
     * @throws IOException if initialization fails
     */
    private void ensureInitialized() throws IOException {
        if (!initialized) {
            try {

            new Runnable() {
              @Override
              public void run() {
                try {
                  unit.sleep(time);
                } catch (InterruptedException wontHappen) {
                  throw new AssertionError(wontHappen);
                }
                interruptee.interrupt();
              }
            })
        .start();
  }

  static void repeatedlyInterruptTestThread(

        final String script = scheduledJob.getScriptData();

        final JobExecutor jobExecutor = ComponentUtil.getJobExecutor(scriptType);
        if (jobExecutor == null) {
            throw new ScheduledJobException("No jobExecutor: " + scriptType);
        }

        if (!jobManager.findJobByUniqueOf(LaJobUnique.of(id)).isPresent()) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

    try {
      for (int i = axes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        axesSizeProduct[i] = Math.multiplyExact(axesSizeProduct[i + 1], axes.get(i).size());
      }
    } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Cartesian product too large; must have size at most Integer.MAX_VALUE");
    }
    this.axesSizeProduct = axesSizeProduct;
  }

        // Assert throwing/catching behavior with assertThrows
        SMBProtocolDecodingException thrown = assertThrows(SMBProtocolDecodingException.class, () -> {
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException();
        }, "Should be throwable via assertThrows");
        assertTrue(thrown instanceof CIFSException, "Thrown instance should also be CIFSException subtype");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @NullAndEmptySource

     * @param bufferIndex the starting offset in the buffer
     * @param len the length of data to decode
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during decoding
     */
    public SecurityDescriptor(final byte[] buffer, final int bufferIndex, final int len) throws IOException {
        this.decode(buffer, bufferIndex, len);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a security descriptor from a byte buffer.
     *

      override fun fromDer(reader: DerReader): Long {
        val peekHeader =
          reader.peekHeader()
            ?: throw ProtocolException("expected time but was exhausted at $reader")

        return when {
          peekHeader.tagClass == Adapters.UTC_TIME.tagClass &&
            peekHeader.tag == Adapters.UTC_TIME.tag -> {