* errors for using {@code get(Comparator.class)} as a {@code Comparator<Foo>}, for example.
 * Immutable empty instances are returned for collection types; {@code ""} for string; {@code 0} for
 * number types; reasonable default instance for other stateless types. For mutable types, a fresh
 * instance is created each time {@code get()} is called.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 12.0
 */

import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
import mockwebserver3.MockResponse
import mockwebserver3.MockWebServer
import mockwebserver3.junit5.StartStop
import okhttp3.Headers.Companion.headersOf
import okhttp3.internal.duplex.AsyncRequestBody
import okhttp3.testing.PlatformRule
import okio.BufferedSink
import okio.IOException
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag

///

* 데이터 검증
* 자동 문서화

## 특별한 타입과 검증

`str`, `int`, `float` 등과 같은 단일 타입과는 별개로, `str`을 상속하는 더 복잡한 단일 타입을 사용할 수 있습니다.

모든 옵션을 보려면, <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's exotic types</a> 문서를 확인하세요. 다음 장에서 몇가지 예제를 볼 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 `Image` 모델 안에 `url` 필드를 `str` 대신 Pydantic의 `HttpUrl`로 선언할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py hl[4,10] *}

The same would happen if you had something like a <abbr title='A union between multiple types means "any of these types".'>union</abbr> between different types where one or more of them are not valid Pydantic types, for example this would fail 💥:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py hl[8] *}

Si vous souhaitez un rappel de 2 minutes sur l'utilisation des types en Python (même si vous ne comptez pas utiliser FastAPI), jetez un oeil au tutoriel suivant: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Vous écrivez du python standard avec des annotations de types:

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

   * delimited by 'null'.
   *
   * @param callerIsIdle true if the caller isn't sending any more bytes until the peer responds.
   *     This is true after a `Expect-Continue` request, false for duplex requests, and false for
   *     all other requests.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun takeHeaders(callerIsIdle: Boolean = false): Headers {
    withLock {

  - alternatives.md
  - history-design-future.md
  - benchmarks.md
  - management.md
- release-notes.md
markdown_extensions:
  abbr: null
  attr_list: null
  footnotes: null
  md_in_html: null
  tables: null
  toc:
    permalink: true
  pymdownx.betterem: null
  pymdownx.caret: null
  pymdownx.highlight:
    line_spans: __span
  pymdownx.inlinehilite: null
  pymdownx.keys: null
  pymdownx.mark: null

    get() = state == STATE_CLOSED

  override fun createRequestBody(
    request: Request,
    contentLength: Long,
  ): Sink =
    when {
      request.body?.isDuplex() == true -> throw ProtocolException(
        "Duplex connections are not supported for HTTP/1",
      )
      request.isChunked -> newChunkedSink() // Stream a request body of unknown length.

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