Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs.

Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives.

L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs.

Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} :

   * https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/22/docs/api/java.base/java/util/Collections.html#synchronizedCollection(java.util.Collection)
   *
   * Similarly, we avoid having those methods *implemented* in terms of *other* TestSet methods
   * that will perform holdsLock assertions:
   *
   * - For iterator(), we can accomplish that by not overriding iterator() at all. That way, we

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/** Skeleton for a tester of a {@code BiMap}. */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.

  }

  // null parameters test

  public void testNullParameters() throws Exception {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    CacheLoader<Object, Object> loader = identityLoader();
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(makeCache(createCacheBuilder(), loader));
  }

  // stats tests

  public void testStats() {

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester for {@code Multimap.equals}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")

  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.setDefault(double.class, 3.0);
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(DoubleMath.class);
  }

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester to make sure the {@code iterator().remove()} implementation of {@code Multiset} works when
 * there are multiple occurrences of elements.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible

import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester for {@link Multimap#containsValue}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")

@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListSetTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {
  @ListFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_SET)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testSet() {
    doTestSet(e3());
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
  @ListFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_SET)
  public void testSet_null() {
    doTestSet(null);

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Encapsulates the constraints that a class under test must satisfy in order for a tester method to
 * be run against that class.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class TesterRequirements {
  private final Set<Feature<?>> presentFeatures;