* </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {
    // Keep a second pointer that slowly walks the causal chain. If the fast pointer ever catches
    // the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

import okio.Buffer
import okio.ByteString
import okio.ByteString.Companion.toByteString

/**
 * Decodes a multiline string that contains a [certificate][certificatePem] which is
 * [PEM-encoded][rfc_7468]. A typical input string looks like this:
 *
 * ```
 * -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 * MIIBYTCCAQegAwIBAgIBKjAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjApMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtlbmdpbmVl
 * cmluZzERMA8GA1UEAxMIY2FzaC5hcHAwHhcNNzAwMTAxMDAwMDA1WhcNNzAwMTAx

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

   * remove()}. Otherwise, all optional operations are supported. Null row keys, columns keys, and
   * values are not supported.
   *
   * <p>Lookups by row key are often faster than lookups by column key, because the data is stored
   * in a {@code Map<R, Map<C, V>>}. A method call like {@code column(columnKey).get(rowKey)} still

   * might not (and the answer might change while we're building the array).
   *
   * TODO: cpovirk - Is this an issue anywhere anymore? It looks to have been fixed for Java 8
   * (https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-7121314) and before Lollipop
   * (https://r.android.com/47508). We *would* need to worry for J2KT, whose own concurrency support

 *     a race in fast follow-up.
 *
 *  4. If there's no existing connection, make a list of routes (which may require blocking DNS
 *     lookups) and attempt new connections to them. When failures occur, retries iterate the
 *     list of available routes.
 *
 * If the pool gains an eligible connection while DNS, TCP, or TLS work is in flight, this finder

    suite.addTest(
        MapTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestTypeToInstanceMapGenerator() {
                  // Other tests will verify what real, warning-free usage looks like
                  // but here we have to do some serious fudging
                  @Override
                  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})