* Pero necesita autenticación para ese endpoint específico.
    * Así que, para autenticarse con nuestra API, envía un `header` `Authorization` con un valor de `Bearer ` más el token.
    * Si el token contiene `foobar`, el contenido del `header` `Authorization` sería: `Bearer foobar`.

## `OAuth2PasswordBearer` de **FastAPI** { #fastapis-oauth2passwordbearer }

    * Mas precisa de autenticação para aquele endpoint específico.
    * Então, para autenticar com nossa API, ele envia um header `Authorization` com o valor `Bearer ` mais o token.
    * Se o token contém `foobar`, o conteúdo do header `Authorization` seria: `Bearer foobar`.

## O `OAuth2PasswordBearer` do **FastAPI** { #fastapis-oauth2passwordbearer }

    * 그래서 우리 API에 인증하기 위해 `Authorization` 헤더를, 값은 `Bearer `에 token을 더한 형태로 보냅니다.
    * token에 `foobar`가 들어 있다면 `Authorization` 헤더의 내용은 `Bearer foobar`가 됩니다.

## **FastAPI**의 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` { #fastapis-oauth2passwordbearer }

**FastAPI**는 이런 보안 기능을 구현하기 위해, 서로 다른 추상화 수준에서 여러 도구를 제공합니다.

이 예제에서는 **OAuth2**의 **Password** 플로우와 **Bearer** token을 사용합니다. 이를 위해 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 클래스를 사용합니다.

/// info | 정보

def test_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer testtoken"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"token": "testtoken"}


def test_token_with_whitespaces():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer  testtoken "})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    return current_user


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_oauth2():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer footokenbar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "Bearer footokenbar"}


def test_security_oauth2_password_other_header():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Other footokenbar"})

Der Benutzer Ihrer API (ein externer Entwickler) erstellt mit einem POST-Request eine Rechnung in Ihrer API.

Dann wird Ihre API (stellen wir uns vor):

* die Rechnung an einen Kunden des externen Entwicklers senden.
* das Geld einsammeln.
* eine Benachrichtigung an den API-Benutzer (den externen Entwickler) zurücksenden.

      Request
        .Builder()
        .url("https://example.com")
        .header("Authorization", "Bearer abc123")
        .build()

    val curl = request.toCurl()
    assertThat(curl)
      .isEqualTo(
        """
        |curl 'https://example.com/' \
        |  -H 'Authorization: Bearer abc123'
        """.trimMargin(),
      )
  }

  @Test
  fun curlPostWithBody() {

### Ist Nebenläufigkeit besser als Parallelität? { #is-concurrency-better-than-parallelism }

Nein! Das ist nicht die Moral der Geschichte.

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_py310.py hl[7] *}

### Besser mit `Annotated` { #better-with-annotated }

Bedenken Sie, dass Sie, wenn Sie `Annotated` verwenden, da Sie keine Funktionsparameter-Defaultwerte verwenden, dieses Problem nicht haben werden und wahrscheinlich nicht `*` verwenden müssen.

security = HTTPBearer(description="HTTP Bearer token scheme")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_http_bearer():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer foobar"})