/// tip | Подсказка

Обратите внимание, что также, как и в случае с зависимостями в декораторах *эндпоинтов* ([dependencies in *path operation decorators*](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), никакого значения в *функцию эндпоинта* передано не будет.

///

В результате мы получим следующие эндпоинты:

* `/items/`

    // ===================================================================================
    // Attribute
    // =========
    /** The search helper for performing search operations. */
    @Resource
    protected SearchHelper searchHelper;

    /** The search engine client for interacting with OpenSearch. */
    @Resource
    protected SearchEngineClient searchEngineClient;

        // ArrayUtils.addAll handles null gracefully by adding it to the array
        authenticationManager.addChain(null);

        // Verify null chain doesn't cause issues during operations
        User user = createTestUser("testuser");
        try {
            authenticationManager.insert(user);
            fail("Should throw NullPointerException when processing null chain");

    }

    public void test_XContentBuilderCallback_nullBuilder() {
        XContentBuilderCallback callback = (builder, params) -> {
            // Test behavior when builder operations might fail
            if (builder == null) {
                throw new IOException("Builder is null");
            }
            builder.startObject();
            builder.field("null_test", "value");

        assertTrue(stats.getIntegerOverflowsPrevented() > 0);
    }

    @Test
    public void testBoundaryValues() throws Exception {
        // Test boundary values for safe operations
        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, validator.safeAdd(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0));
        assertEquals(Integer.MIN_VALUE, validator.safeAdd(Integer.MIN_VALUE, 0));

# 응답을 직접 반환하기

**FastAPI**에서 *경로 작업(path operation)*을 생성할 때, 일반적으로 `dict`, `list`, Pydantic 모델, 데이터베이스 모델 등의 데이터를 반환할 수 있습니다.

기본적으로 **FastAPI**는 [JSON 호환 가능 인코더](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에 설명된 `jsonable_encoder`를 사용해 해당 반환 값을 자동으로 `JSON`으로 변환합니다.

그런 다음, JSON 호환 데이터(예: `dict`)를 `JSONResponse`에 넣어 사용자의 응답을 전송하는 방식으로 처리됩니다.

그러나 *경로 작업*에서 `JSONResponse`를 직접 반환할 수도 있습니다.

예를 들어, 사용자 정의 헤더나 쿠키를 반환해야 하는 경우에 유용할 수 있습니다.

// Verify if the request has AWS Streaming Signature Version '4'. This is only valid for 'PUT' operation.
func isRequestSignStreamingV4(r *http.Request) bool {
	return r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzContentSha256) == streamingContentSHA256 &&
		r.Method == http.MethodPut
}

// Verify if the request has AWS Streaming Signature Version '4'. This is only valid for 'PUT' operation.
func isRequestSignStreamingTrailerV4(r *http.Request) bool {

import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Sequence;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1TaggedObject;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.DLSequence;

/**
 * Utility class for ASN.1 parsing and manipulation operations.
 *
 * This class provides helper methods for working with ASN.1
 * encoded data structures used in Kerberos PAC processing.
 */
public final class ASN1Util {

    private ASN1Util() {
    }

    /**

     * variables for authentication and endpoint configuration.
     * </p>
     */
    public class StorageURLConnection extends URLConnection {

        /** The MinIO client for storage operations */
        private MinioClient minioClient;
        /** The name of the storage bucket */
        private String bucketName;
        /** The name of the storage object */
        private String objectName;

 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

package jcifs.smb1.util;

import java.io.PrintStream;

/**
 * Utility class for hexadecimal dump operations.
 *
 * This class provides methods to convert binary data to
 * hexadecimal string representation for debugging purposes.
 */

public class Hexdump {

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */