{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py hl[17:27] *}

## 附加响应 { #additional-responses }

你可能已经见过如何为一个 *路径操作* 声明 `response_model` 和 `status_code`。

这定义了该 *路径操作* 主响应的元数据。

你也可以为它声明带有各自模型、状态码等的附加响应。

文档中有一个完整章节，你可以阅读这里的[OpenAPI 中的附加响应](additional-responses.md)。

## OpenAPI Extra { #openapi-extra }

当你在应用中声明一个 *路径操作* 时，**FastAPI** 会自动生成与该 *路径操作* 相关的元数据，以包含到 OpenAPI 方案中。

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.json() == {"$ref": "some-ref"}


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("openapi.json")
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response` 或者 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。

为了方便开发者，**FastAPI** 封装了相同数据类型，如`starlette.responses` 和 `fastapi.responses`。不过大部分response对象都是直接引用自Starlette。

因为`Response`对象可以非常便捷的设置headers和cookies，所以 **FastAPI** 同时也封装了`fastapi.Response`。

///

client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_api_key():
    response = client.get("/users/me?key=secret")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "secret"}


def test_security_api_key_no_key():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}

def test_security_http_base():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Other foobar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"scheme": "Other", "credentials": "foobar"}


def test_security_http_base_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}

    return client


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == ["John Doe", "Jane Doe"]


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",

def test_security_oauth2_password_bearer_no_header():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_strict_login_no_data():
    response = client.post("/login")
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {

def test_security_oauth2_password_bearer_no_header():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Create an account first"}


def test_strict_login_None():
    response = client.post("/login", data=None)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",

def test_security_http_digest():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Digest foobar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"scheme": "Digest", "credentials": "foobar"}


def test_security_http_digest_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text