response = client.get("/items/", headers={"X-Token": "invalid"})
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "X-Token header invalid"}


def test_get_invalid_one_users(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/users/", headers={"X-Token": "invalid"})
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text

# 自定义响应 - HTML，流，文件和其他

**FastAPI** 默认会使用 `JSONResponse` 返回响应。

你可以通过直接返回 `Response` 来重载它，参见 [直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。

但如果你直接返回 `Response`，返回数据不会自动转换，也不会自动生成文档（例如，在 HTTP 头 `Content-Type` 中包含特定的「媒体类型」作为生成的 OpenAPI 的一部分）。

你还可以在 *路径操作装饰器* 中声明你想用的 `Response`。

你从 *路径操作函数* 中返回的内容将被放在该 `Response` 中。

```

/// note | Технические детали

Также можно использовать `from starlette.requests import Request` и `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** предоставляет тот же `starlette.responses`, что и `fastapi.responses`, просто для удобства разработчика. Однако большинство доступных ответов поступает непосредственно из Starlette. То же самое касается и `Request`.

///

from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException

from ..dependencies import get_token_header

router = APIRouter(
    prefix="/items",
    tags=["items"],
    dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)],
    responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}},
)


fake_items_db = {"plumbus": {"name": "Plumbus"}, "gun": {"name": "Portal Gun"}}


@router.get("/")
async def read_items():
    return fake_items_db

from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException

from ..dependencies import get_token_header

router = APIRouter(
    prefix="/items",
    tags=["items"],
    dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)],
    responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}},
)


fake_items_db = {"plumbus": {"name": "Plumbus"}, "gun": {"name": "Portal Gun"}}


@router.get("/")
async def read_items():
    return fake_items_db

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

### Einige benutzerdefinierte `tags`, `responses`, und `dependencies` hinzufügen { #add-some-custom-tags-responses-and-dependencies }

Wir fügen weder das Präfix `/items` noch `tags=["items"]` zu jeder *Pfadoperation* hinzu, da wir sie zum `APIRouter` hinzugefügt haben.

Aber wir können immer noch _mehr_ `tags` hinzufügen, die auf eine bestimmte *Pfadoperation* angewendet werden, sowie einige zusätzliche `responses`, die speziell für diese *Pfadoperation* gelten:

Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004_py39.py hl[3:4,9:11,25] *}

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos

Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`.

)
def test_query_params_str_validations(path, expected_status, expected_response):
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert b"<form" in response.content


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {