char[] dst1 = new char[8];
        Hexdump.toHexChars(0x1234ABCD, dst1, 0, 8);
        assertEquals("1234ABCD", new String(dst1));

        // Test with smaller size
        char[] dst2 = new char[4];
        Hexdump.toHexChars(0xABCD, dst2, 0, 4);
        assertEquals("ABCD", new String(dst2));

        // Test with offset
        char[] dst3 = new char[10];

    Comparable<?> endpoint() {
      throw new IllegalStateException("range unbounded on this side");
    }

    @Override
    boolean isLessThan(Comparable<?> value) {
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    BoundType typeAsLowerBound() {
      throw new IllegalStateException();
    }

    @Override
    BoundType typeAsUpperBound() {

        File localRepo = new File(request.getLocalRepository().getBasedir());
        DefaultRepositorySystemSession repoSession = new DefaultRepositorySystemSession(h -> false);

        DefaultSessionFactory defaultSessionFactory =
                new DefaultSessionFactory(repoSystem, repositorySystem, new DefaultLookup(container), null);

        MavenSession session = new MavenSession(

        try {
            DefaultRepositorySystemSession pluginSession = new DefaultRepositorySystemSession(session);
            pluginSession.setArtifactDescriptorPolicy(new SimpleArtifactDescriptorPolicy(true, false));

            ArtifactDescriptorRequest request =
                    new ArtifactDescriptorRequest(pluginArtifact, repositories, REPOSITORY_CONTEXT);
            request.setTrace(trace);

        return asJson(new ApiConfigResponse().setting(reqHeaderService.getRequestHeader(id).map(this::createEditBody).orElseGet(() -> {
            throwValidationErrorApi(messages -> messages.addErrorsCrudCouldNotFindCrudTable(GLOBAL, id));
            return null;
        })).status(Status.OK).result());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new request header setting.
     *

        return asJson(new ApiConfigResponse().setting(webAuthService.getWebAuthentication(id).map(this::createEditBody).orElseGet(() -> {
            throwValidationErrorApi(messages -> messages.addErrorsCrudCouldNotFindCrudTable(GLOBAL, id));
            return null;
        })).status(Status.OK).result());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new web authentication setting.
     *

  }

  private final int[] factorials = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private final int[][] binomials = new int[ARRAY_SIZE][2];
  private final int[][] nonnegInt = new int[ARRAY_SIZE][2];
  private final long[][] nonnegLong = new long[ARRAY_SIZE][2];
  private final int[][] intsToAdd = new int[ARRAY_SIZE][2];
  private final int[][] intsToMul = new int[ARRAY_SIZE][2];
  private final long[][] longsToAdd = new long[ARRAY_SIZE][2];

    assertEquals(0, entry.getChildren().size());
}

@Test
public void testDirectoryLeaseManager() {
    CIFSContext context = new BaseContext(new PropertyConfiguration());
    LeaseManager baseManager = new LeaseManager(context);
    DirectoryLeaseManager dirManager = new DirectoryLeaseManager(context, baseManager);
    
    // Request directory lease
    Smb2LeaseKey key = dirManager.requestDirectoryLease(

            try (Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(form.elevateWordFile.getInputStream(), getCsvEncoding()))) {
                elevateWordService.importCsv(reader);
                suggestHelper.deleteAllElevateWord(false);
                suggestHelper.storeAllElevateWords(false);
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                throw new FessSystemException("Failed to import data.", e);

        IOException cause = new IOException("IO error");
        CurlException exception = new CurlException(null, cause);

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void testConstructorWithMessageAndNullCause() {
        String message = "Test error message";
        CurlException exception = new CurlException(message, null);