}

  public void testToArray() {
    // need explicit type parameter to avoid javac warning!?
    List<Character> none = Arrays.<Character>asList();
    assertThat(Chars.toArray(none)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);

    List<Character> one = Arrays.asList((char) 1);
    assertThat(Chars.toArray(one)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

    char[] array = {(char) 0, (char) 1, 'A'};

    return client


@needs_py310
def test_create_item(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "description": None}


@needs_py310
def test_read_items(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

                    "loc": ["body", "username"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
                {
                    "type": "missing",
                    "loc": ["body", "password"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
            ]
        }
    ) | IsDict(
        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1

                    "loc": ["body", "username"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
                {
                    "type": "missing",
                    "loc": ["body", "password"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
            ]
        }
    ) | IsDict(
        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1

                    "loc": ["body", "username"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
                {
                    "type": "missing",
                    "loc": ["body", "password"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                },
            ]
        }
    ) | IsDict(

def say_hi(name: str | None = None):
    if name is not None:
        print(f"Hey {name}!")
    else:

from typing import Union

from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Invoice(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: Union[str, None] = None
    customer: str
    total: float


class InvoiceEvent(BaseModel):
    description: str
    paid: bool


class InvoiceEventReceived(BaseModel):
    ok: bool


invoices_callback_router = APIRouter()

```

기본값 `None`을 `Query(None)`으로 바꿔야 하므로, `Query`의 첫 번째 매개변수는 기본값을 정의하는 것과 같은 목적으로 사용됩니다.

그러므로:

```Python
q: Optional[str] = Query(None)
```

...위 코드는 아래와 동일하게 매개변수를 선택적으로 만듭니다:

```Python
q: Optional[str] = None
```

하지만 명시적으로 쿼리 매개변수를 선언합니다.

/// info | "정보"

FastAPI는 다음 부분에 관심이 있습니다:

```Python
= None
```

또는:

```Python
= Query(None)

		if waypointName == "" {
			waypointName = constants.DefaultNamespaceWaypoint
		} else if waypointName == "none" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid name provided for waypoint, 'none' is a reserved value")
		}
		gw := gateway.Gateway{
			TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
				Kind:       gvk.KubernetesGateway_v1.Kind,
				APIVersion: gvk.KubernetesGateway_v1.GroupVersion(),

  rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - metallb.io
    apiVersions:
    - v1beta2
    operations:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    resources:
    - bgppeers
  sideEffects: None
- admissionReviewVersions:
  - v1
  clientConfig:
    service:
      name: webhook-service
      namespace: metallb-system
      path: /validate-metallb-io-v1beta1-bfdprofile
  failurePolicy: Fail