token_url, data=data, verify=False,
        allow_redirects=False, auth=(client_id, client_secret))

    print('body: ' + id_token_response.text)

    # we can now use the id_token as much as we want to access protected resources.
    tokens = json.loads(id_token_response.text)
    id_token = tokens['id_token']

    response = sts_client.assume_role_with_web_identity(

 */

package com.google.common.math;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Utilities for benchmarks.
 *
 * <p>In many cases, we wish to vary the order of magnitude of the input as much as we want to vary
 * the input itself, so most methods which generate values use an exponential distribution varying
 * the order of magnitude of the generated values uniformly at random.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */

///

Có nghĩa là: "biến `items` là một `list`, và mỗi phần tử trong danh sách này là một `str`".

/// tip

Nếu bạn sử dụng Python 3.9 hoặc lớn hơn, bạn không phải import `List` từ `typing`, bạn có thể sử dụng `list` để thay thế.

///

Bằng cách này, trình soạn thảo của bạn có thể hỗ trợ trong khi xử lí các phần tử trong danh sách:

<img src="/img/python-types/image05.png">

Beim Ansehen von Benchmarks und Vergleichen sollten Sie jedoch Folgende Punkte beachten.

## Benchmarks und Geschwindigkeit

Wenn Sie sich die Benchmarks ansehen, werden häufig mehrere Tools mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften als gleichwertig verglichen.

Konkret geht es darum, Uvicorn, Starlette und FastAPI miteinander zu vergleichen (neben vielen anderen Tools).

Having the return model ensure that a value is always available and always `int` (not `None`) is very useful for the API clients, they can write much simpler code having this certainty.

Also, **automatically generated clients** will have simpler interfaces, so that the developers communicating with your API can have a much better time working with your API. 😎

///

 * arbitrary Charset.
 *
 * <p>This is an alternative to copying the data to an {@code OutputStream} via a {@code Writer},
 * which is necessarily blocking. By implementing an {@code InputStream} it allows consumers to
 * "pull" as much data as they can handle, which is more convenient when dealing with flow
 * controlled, async APIs.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

 * arbitrary Charset.
 *
 * <p>This is an alternative to copying the data to an {@code OutputStream} via a {@code Writer},
 * which is necessarily blocking. By implementing an {@code InputStream} it allows consumers to
 * "pull" as much data as they can handle, which is more convenient when dealing with flow
 * controlled, async APIs.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

 *
 * Doing it correctly would require running a Gradle build with the full
 * distribution and extracting the generated api jar from its Gradle user home,
 * slowing down building documentation.
 *
 * All this would be so much simpler if the Kotlin extensions to the Gradle API
 * were generated at build time instead.
 *
 * This is a first step to get the doc to be complete and will be revisited.
 */
@CacheableTask

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == data


def test_model_with_tuple_invalid():
    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "whatelse", "too", "much"]]}
    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text

    data = {"items": [["foo", "bar"], ["baz"]]}
    response = client.post("/model-with-tuple/", json=data)

 */

package com.google.common.math;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Utilities for benchmarks.
 *
 * <p>In many cases, we wish to vary the order of magnitude of the input as much as we want to vary
 * the input itself, so most methods which generate values use an exponential distribution varying
 * the order of magnitude of the generated values uniformly at random.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */